使用Rails Rspec进行测试 - 预期和得到的不匹配

Question

我对Rails的Rspec很新。我只是试图运行一些测试，以查看是否已保存新用户以及是否已输入名称，电子邮件和密码但由于某些原因因为没有测试通过而无法正常工作。我要通过这个youtube视频https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71eKcNxwxVY。我已经复制了一切，除了我没有使用脚手架。我自己创建了一个用户模型。谢谢

class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :name, presence: true
  validates :email, presence: true
  validates :password, presence: true
end

rspec

User
  validation tests
    ensures name presence (FAILED - 1)
    ensures email presence (FAILED - 2)
    ensures password presence (FAILED - 3)
    should save (FAILED - 4)

Failures:

  1) User validation tests ensures name presence
     Failure/Error: expect(user).to eq()
     
     ArgumentError:
       wrong number of arguments (given 0, expected 1)
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:7:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  2) User validation tests ensures email presence
     Failure/Error: expect(user).to eq(false)
     
       expected: false
            got: #<User id: nil, name: "ben", email: nil, password: "123123", created_at: nil, updated_at: nil>
     
       (compared using ==)
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  3) User validation tests ensures password presence
     Failure/Error: expect(user).to eq(false)
     
       expected: false
            got: #<User id: nil, name: "ben", email: "[email protected]", password: nil, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil>
     
       (compared using ==)
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  4) User validation tests should save
     Failure/Error: expect(user).to eq(true)
     
       expected: true
            got: #<User id: nil, name: "ben", email: "[email protected]", password: "123123", created_at: nil, updated_at: nil>
     
       (compared using ==)
     
       Diff:
       @@ -1,2 +1,8 @@
       -true
       +#<User:0x00007fa8efdbb628
       + id: nil,
       + name: "ben",
       + email: "[email protected]",
       + password: "123123",
       + created_at: nil,
       + updated_at: nil>
       
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:22:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 0.02486 seconds (files took 1.43 seconds to load)
4 examples, 4 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:5 # User validation tests ensures name presence
rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:10 # User validation tests ensures email presence
rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:15 # User validation tests ensures password presence
rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:20 # User validation tests should save

RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
  context 'validation tests' do
    it "ensures name presence" do
        user = User.new(email: "[email protected]", password: "123123")
        expect(user).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'ensures email presence' do
        user = User.new(name:"ben", password: "123123")
        expect(user).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'ensures password presence' do
        user = User.new(email: "[email protected]", name: "ben")
        expect(user).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'should save' do
        user = User.new(email: "[email protected]", name: "ben", password: "123123")
        expect(user).to eq(true)
      end
end
end

Answer 1

编写测试时，您正在比较整个用户对象。您应该比较您要查找的属性。尝试这样的事情：

it "ensures name presence" do
  user = User.new(email: "[email protected]", password: "123123")
  expect(user.name).to be_nil
end

如你所见，我添加了expect(user.name)而不仅仅是expect(user)。另外，仅仅为了您的信息，当您使用.new时，它实际上并不保存实例。

Answer 2

由于您正在测试User对象的有效性，请尝试使用valid?方法。如果用户无效，则user.valid?将返回false。如果它是有效的，那么它将返回true。

这是一个例子

    it 'ensures email presence' do
      user = User.new(name:"ben", password: "123123")
      expect(user.valid?).to eq(false)
    end

对于验证测试，您也可以使用shoulda-matchers。