预订表中只允许工作时间

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

PostgreSql 9.2 保留表定义为

CREATE EXTENSION btree_gist;
CREATE TABLE schedule (
  id serial primary key,
  during tsrange not null,
  EXCLUDE USING gist (during WITH &&)
);

节假日列于表中

CREATE TABLE holiday ( day primary key );

工作日工作时间为 8:00 至 18:00,且只能以 30 分钟为间隔进行预订。 如何向 while 值添加约束,使其仅允许在工作时间进行预订:

  1. tsrange 中的开始日期和结束日期始终相同。
  2. 开始和结束日期不能是周六和周日
  3. 开始和结束日期不能出现在公共假期表中
  4. 开始时间只能是 8:00 , 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00 或 17:30(含)
  5. 结束时间只能是 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00, 17:30 或 18:00 除外

向该表添加这些或其中一些约束是否合理? 如果有,如何添加? 如果有帮助的话,可以更改计划表结构。

sql postgresql database-design schedule postgresql-9.2
2个回答
5
投票

您可以使用简单的

CHECK
约束来解决除第 3 项之外的所有问题:

使用专用的 范围函数

lower(anysrange)
upper(anyrange)
访问范围的下限/上限。

1.) tsrange 中的开始日期和结束日期始终相同。

CONSTRAINT schedule_same_day
CHECK (lower(during)::date = upper(during)::date)

2.) 开始和结束日期不能是周六和周日

使用

isodow
,而不是
dow
来表达更简单。

CONSTRAINT schedule_no weekend
CHECK (EXTRACT(ISODOW FROM lower(during)) < 6)  -- upper is on same day

3.) 开始和结束日期不能出现在公共假期表中

为此,您需要一个触发器,例如:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trg_during_no_holy()
  RETURNS trigger
  LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$func$
BEGIN
   IF EXISTS (SELECT FROM holiday WHERE day = lower(NEW.during)) THEN
      RAISE EXCEPTION 'Day too holy: %', lower(NEW.during);
   END IF;

   RETURN NEW;
END
$func$;

CREATE TRIGGER insupbef_holycheck
  BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
  ON schedule
  FOR EACH ROW
  EXECUTE PROCEDURE trg_during_no_holy();

4.) 开始时间只能为 8:00、8:30、9:00、9:30、...、16:00、16:30、17:00 或 17:30(含)。
5.) 结束时间只能是 8:30、9:00、9:30、...、16:00、16:30、17:00、17:30 或 18:00(不含)。

CONSTRAINT schedule_8_inc_to_18_exc_half_hours CHECK (
        lower(during)::time BETWEEN time '8:00'AND time '17:30' -- time range
    AND upper(during)::time BETWEEN time '8:30'AND time '18:00'
    AND EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM lower(during)) IN (0, 30) -- only :00 or :30
    AND EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM upper(during)) IN (0, 30)
    AND lower_inc(during)          -- lower bound always incl.
    AND upper_inc(during) = false  -- upper bound always excl.
   )

更新:在 Postgres 14 或更高版本中使用

date_bin()

CONSTRAINT schedule_8_inc_to_18_exc_half_hours CHECK (
       lower(during) < upper(during)
   AND lower(during)::time >= time '08:00'
   AND upper(during)::time <= time '18:00'
   AND during = date_bin('30 min', during, '2000-01-01')  -- only :00 or :30 exactly
   AND lower_inc(during)          -- lower bound always incl.
   AND upper_inc(during) = false  -- upper bound always excl.
   )

这也强制执行您的附加要求“限制秒和小数秒”

参见:


1
投票

您需要更改表定义并添加一些

check
约束:

CREATE TABLE schedule (
  id serial primary key,
  during tsrange not null check(
    (lower(during)::date = upper(during)::date) and 
    (date_trunc('hour', upper(during)) + INTERVAL '30 min' * ROUND(date_part('minute', upper(during)) / 30.0) = upper(during)) and
    (date_trunc('hour', lower(during)) + INTERVAL '30 min' * ROUND(date_part('minute', lower(during)) / 30.0) = lower(during)) and
    (lower(during)::time >= '8:00'::time and upper(during)::time <= '18:00'::time) and
    (date_part('dow', lower(during)) in (1,2,3,4,5) and date_part('dow', upper(during)) in (1,2,3,4,5))
  ),
  EXCLUDE USING gist (during WITH &&)
);

支票按此顺序

  • 开始和结束日期相同
  • 开始/结束必须在 30 分钟边界上
  • 以及 8:00 .. 18:00 之间
  • 仅限工作日

我们需要

holiday
表中的内容: 插入假期值 ('2012-11-28');

check
无法引用其他表,因此我们需要触发器函数(最好将所有检查放入此函数中,即将它们放在一个地方):

create function holiday_check() returns trigger language plpgsql stable as $$
begin
    if exists (select * from holiday where day in (lower(NEW.during)::date, upper(NEW.during)::date)) then
        raise exception 'public holiday';
    else
        return NEW;
    end if;
end;
$$;

然后我们需要在

insert
/
update
之前创建触发器:

create trigger holiday_check_i before insert on schedule for each row execute procedure holiday_check();
create trigger holiday_check_u before update on schedule for each row execute procedure holiday_check();

最后,一些测试:

-- OK
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 08:00', '2012-11-26 09:00'));
INSERT 0 1

-- out of business hours
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 04:00', '2012-11-26 05:00'));
ERROR:  new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (12, ["2012-11-26 04:00:00","2012-11-26 05:00:00")).

-- End time can be only 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00, 17:30 or 18:00 exclusive
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 08:00', '2012-11-26 09:10'));
ERROR:  new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (13, ["2012-11-26 08:00:00","2012-11-26 09:10:00")).

-- Start time can be only 8:00 , 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, ... 16:00, 16:30, 17:00 or 17:30 inclusive
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-26 11:24', '2012-11-26 13:00'));
ERROR:  new row for relation "schedule" violates check constraint "schedule_during_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (14, ["2012-11-26 11:24:00","2012-11-26 13:00:00")).

-- holiday
insert into schedule(during) values (tsrange('2012-11-28 10:00', '2012-11-28 13:00'));
ERROR:  public holiday
© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.