log4j2 错误 StatusLogger 无法识别的转换说明符

Question

当我在intellij Idea中运行main方法时，我的项目中有log4j2，打印日志是正确的。

当我使用 maven-shade-plugin 包项目到 jar 文件，并将 jar 作为独立应用程序运行时，它显示错误：

java -cp package.jar com.xxx.TestMain

控制台输出

ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [d]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [d] starting at position 16 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [thread]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [thread] starting at position 25 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [level]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [level] starting at position 35 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [logger]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [logger] starting at position 47 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [msg]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [msg] starting at position 54 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [n]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [n] starting at position 56 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [d]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [d] starting at position 16 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [thread]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [thread] starting at position 25 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [level]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [level] starting at position 35 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [logger]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [logger] starting at position 47 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [msg]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [msg] starting at position 54 in conversion pattern.
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized format specifier [n]
ERROR StatusLogger Unrecognized conversion specifier [n] starting at position 56 in conversion pattern.

pom.xml 配置。 log4j2.version = 2.10.0，spring boot版本是1.5.9.RELEASE

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <transformers>
                            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
                            </transformer>
                            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
                            </transformer>
                        </transformers>
                        <filters>
                            <filter>
                                <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                                <excludes>
                                    <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                                    <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                                    <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                                </excludes>
                            </filter>
                        </filters>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.8</source>
                <target>1.8</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
</build>

log4j2.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="debug" monitorInterval="30" shutdownHook="disable">
    <properties>
        <property name="LOG_HOME">/data1/logs</property>
        <property name="JOB_NAME">noname</property>
    </properties>
    <Appenders>
        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%t] %level [%logger{36}][%file:%line] %msg%n%throwable"/>
        </Console>

        <RollingRandomAccessFile name="DetailFile"
                                 fileName="${sys:LOG_HOME}/${sys:JOB_NAME}/detail.log" bufferedIO="false"
                                 filePattern="${sys:LOG_HOME}/${sys:JOB_NAME}/detail.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log">

            <PatternLayout
                    pattern="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%t] %level [%file:%line] %msg%n%throwable"/>
            <Policies>
                <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy interval="1" modulate="true"/>
                <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="500 MB"/>
            </Policies>
        </RollingRandomAccessFile>
        <RollingRandomAccessFile name="error"
                                 fileName="${sys:LOG_HOME}/${sys:JOB_NAME}/error.log" bufferedIO="true"
                                 filePattern="${sys:LOG_HOME}/${sys:JOB_NAME}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log">

            <PatternLayout
                    pattern="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%t] %level [%logger{36}:%line] %msg%n%throwable"/>
            <Policies>
                <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy interval="1" modulate="true"/>
            </Policies>
        </RollingRandomAccessFile>
    </Appenders>
    <Loggers>
        <Root level="info">
            <AppenderRef ref="DetailFile"/>
            <AppenderRef level="error" ref="error"/>
        </Root>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

Answer 1

如果依赖项包含 log4j2 插件，则 jar 中会包含一个

Log4j2Plugins.dat

缓存文件。当使用 Maven 阴影插件将多个 jar 与一个

Log4j2Plugins.dat

文件合并时，只有一个能够幸存。如果没有插件定义，启动时会显示错误。 Log4j2问题

解决此问题的一个解决方案是从阴影 jar 中排除

Log4j2Plugins.dat

缓存文件，以便 Log4j 在启动时扫描插件。为此，请在 pom 中的

maven-shade-plugin

配置中添加一个过滤器：

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.0</version>
  <configuration>
    <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
    <filters>
      <filter>
        <artifact>*:*</artifact>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/Log4j2Plugins.dat</exclude>
        </excludes>
      </filter>
    </filters>
  </configuration>
  <!-- ... -->
</plugin>

另一个解决方案是使用特定于 log4j 版本的转换插件合并缓存文件。

Answer 2

如果您使用 Gradle 和 ShadowJar 4+：

shadowJar {
  transform(com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.transformers.Log4j2PluginsCacheFileTransformer)
}

Gradle Kotlin DSL：

shadowJar {
  transform(com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.transformers.Log4j2PluginsCacheFileTransformer::class.java)
}

Answer 3

不幸的是，我无法回复 Shashank Kapoor 的回答，因为他正确地指出排除

Log4j2Plugins.dat

文件可以解决问题。这在使用 gradle 时对我有用：

shadowJar {
    exclude "**/Log4j2Plugins.dat"
}

Answer 4

我以前见过这个错误，当时人们在类路径上有多个版本的 Log4j2。

Answer 5

对于我们这些从类路径中删除旧 Logj42 以修复 Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228) 漏洞的人来说，升级后使用 uber jar 时可能会发现此问题。

如果您从 Maven 或 Gradle 构建 uber jar，请分别使用以下插件之一：

如果您通过其他方式构建它们，请参阅此答案：https://stackoverflow.com/a/70497498/1174024。但基本上你必须像此类一样正确处理 Log4j2 插件缓存文件：

https://github.com/edwgiz/maven-shaded-log4j-transformer/blob/master/src/main/java/io/github/edwgiz/log4j/maven/plugins/shade/transformer/Log4j2PluginCacheFileTransformer.java

在构建新的 uber jar 时正确处理

Log4j2Plugins.dat

文件。

Answer 6

在我们的项目中，创建

TestAppender

类后出现了这样的问题。

@Plugin(name = "TestAppender", category = Core.CATEGORY_NAME, elementType = Appender.ELEMENT_TYPE)
public class TestAppender extends AbstractAppender {
...

其设置覆盖了

Log4j2Plugins.dat

文件中的记录器设置。

然后我们将其移动到一个单独的模块，并开始以类似的方式将其附加到项目中（请注意范围）：

<dependency>
  <groupId>info.project</groupId>
  <artifactId>test</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Answer 7

这个链接对我有用。着色 log4j 时出现问题

<filter>
    <artifact>log4j:log4j</artifact>
    <includes>
        <include>org/apache/log4j/spi/LoggingEvent.class</include>
    </includes>
</filter>
<filter>
    <artifact>org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-*</artifact>
    <includes>
        <include>**</include>
    </includes>
</filter>

Answer 8

@PowerMockIgnore( {"org.springframework.util.Log4jConfigurer","javax.script.*","javax.management.*", "org.w3c.dom.*", "org.apache.log4j.*","org.apache.logging.*","org.apache.commons.logging.*", "org.xml.sax.*",   "javax.xml.*"})

将此片段添加到测试类中。不再有错误日志。

Answer 9

您可以排除所有

Log4j2Plugins.dat

文件，除了正确的文件，即

log4j-core

中包含的文件：

<filter>
    <artifact>SOME-ARTIFACT</artifact>
    <excludes>
        <exclude>**/Log4j2Plugins.dat</exclude>
    </excludes>
</filter>
<filter>
    <artifact>SOME-ARTIFACT</artifact>
    <excludes>
        <exclude>**/Log4j2Plugins.dat</exclude>
    </excludes>
</filter>
...

请参阅此处的答案和示例项目：https://stackoverflow.com/a/76003471/1121497

Answer 10

您是否尝试过在 log4j2.xml 文件中使用“Configuration”标签的“package”属性。例如，

<Configuration xmlns="http://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/config" 
  packages="my.app.logging.converter" 
  name="MyConverter">

  <Appenders>
  ...
  </Appenders>

  <Loggers>
      <Root level="info">
          <AppenderRef ref="STDOUT"/>
      </Root>
  </Loggers>

</Configuration>

log4j2 错误 StatusLogger 无法识别的转换说明符

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log4j2 错误 StatusLogger 无法识别的转换说明符

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