我认为这很简单,但它存在一些困难。如果我有
std::string name = "John";
int age = 21;
如何组合它们以获得单个字符串"John21"
?
按字母顺序排列:
std::string name = "John";
int age = 21;
std::string result;
// 1. with Boost
result = name + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(age);
// 2. with C++11
result = name + std::to_string(age);
// 3. with FastFormat.Format
fastformat::fmt(result, "{0}{1}", name, age);
// 4. with FastFormat.Write
fastformat::write(result, name, age);
// 5. with the {fmt} library
result = fmt::format("{}{}", name, age);
// 6. with IOStreams
std::stringstream sstm;
sstm << name << age;
result = sstm.str();
// 7. with itoa
char numstr[21]; // enough to hold all numbers up to 64-bits
result = name + itoa(age, numstr, 10);
// 8. with sprintf
char numstr[21]; // enough to hold all numbers up to 64-bits
sprintf(numstr, "%d", age);
result = name + numstr;
// 9. with STLSoft's integer_to_string
char numstr[21]; // enough to hold all numbers up to 64-bits
result = name + stlsoft::integer_to_string(numstr, 21, age);
// 10. with STLSoft's winstl::int_to_string()
result = name + winstl::int_to_string(age);
// 11. With Poco NumberFormatter
result = name + Poco::NumberFormatter().format(age);
#include <string>
)#include <sstream>
(来自标准C ++)#include <sstream>
template <class T>
inline std::string to_string (const T& t)
{
std::stringstream ss;
ss << t;
return ss.str();
}
然后你的用法看起来像这样
std::string szName = "John";
int numAge = 23;
szName += to_string<int>(numAge);
cout << szName << endl;
Googled [并测试:p]
这个问题可以通过多种方式完成。我将以两种方式展示它:
to_string(i)
将数字转换为字符串。#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string name = "John";
int age = 21;
string answer1 = "";
// Method 1). string s1 = to_string(age).
string s1=to_string(age); // Know the integer get converted into string
// where as we know that concatenation can easily be done using '+' in C++
answer1 = name + s1;
cout << answer1 << endl;
// Method 2). Using string streams
ostringstream s2;
s2 << age;
string s3 = s2.str(); // The str() function will convert a number into a string
string answer2 = ""; // For concatenation of strings.
answer2 = name + s3;
cout << answer2 << endl;
return 0;
}
如果你想使用+
连接任何有输出操作符的东西,你可以提供operator+
的模板版本:
template <typename L, typename R> std::string operator+(L left, R right) {
std::ostringstream os;
os << left << right;
return os.str();
}
然后你可以用一种简单的方式编写你的连接:
std::string foo("the answer is ");
int i = 42;
std::string bar(foo + i);
std::cout << bar << std::endl;
输出:
the answer is 42
这不是最有效的方法,但除非你在循环中进行大量连接,否则不需要最有效的方法。
如果您使用的是MFC,则可以使用CString
CString nameAge = "";
nameAge.Format("%s%d", "John", 21);
托管C ++也有一个 string formatter。
std :: ostringstream是一个很好的方法,但有时这个额外的技巧可以方便地将格式转换为单行:
#include <sstream>
#define MAKE_STRING(tokens) /****************/ \
static_cast<std::ostringstream&>( \
std::ostringstream().flush() << tokens \
).str() \
/**/
现在您可以格式化这样的字符串:
int main() {
int i = 123;
std::string message = MAKE_STRING("i = " << i);
std::cout << message << std::endl; // prints: "i = 123"
}
由于Qt相关的问题被关闭而支持这个问题,以下是使用Qt的方法:
QString string = QString("Some string %1 with an int somewhere").arg(someIntVariable);
string.append(someOtherIntVariable);
字符串变量现在有someOne Variable的值代替%1,而smOtherIng变量的值最后。
有更多选项可用于将整数(或其他数字对象)与字符串连接起来。这是Boost.Format
#include <boost/format.hpp>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using boost::format;
int age = 22;
std::string str_age = str(format("age is %1%") % age);
}
和来自Boost.Spirit的Karma(v2)
#include <boost/spirit/include/karma.hpp>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace boost::spirit;
int age = 22;
std::string str_age("age is ");
std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> sink(str_age);
karma::generate(sink, int_, age);
return 0;
}
Boost.Spirit Karma声称是fastest option for integer to string转换之一。
下面是如何使用IOStreams库中的解析和格式化方面将int附加到字符串的实现。
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
#include <string>
template <class Facet>
struct erasable_facet : Facet
{
erasable_facet() : Facet(1) { }
~erasable_facet() { }
};
void append_int(std::string& s, int n)
{
erasable_facet<std::num_put<char,
std::back_insert_iterator<std::string>>> facet;
std::ios str(nullptr);
facet.put(std::back_inserter(s), str,
str.fill(), static_cast<unsigned long>(n));
}
int main()
{
std::string str = "ID: ";
int id = 123;
append_int(str, id);
std::cout << str; // ID: 123
}
#include <sstream>
std::ostringstream s;
s << "John " << age;
std::string query(s.str());
std::string query("John " + std::to_string(age));
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
std::string query("John " + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(age));
在C ++ 11中,你可以使用std::to_string
,例如:
auto result = name + std::to_string( age );
我编写了一个函数,它将int数作为参数,并将其转换为字符串文字。此函数依赖于将单个数字转换为其等效字符的另一个函数:
char intToChar(int num)
{
if (num < 10 && num >= 0)
{
return num + 48;
//48 is the number that we add to an integer number to have its character equivalent (see the unsigned ASCII table)
}
else
{
return '*';
}
}
string intToString(int num)
{
int digits = 0, process, single;
string numString;
process = num;
// The following process the number of digits in num
while (process != 0)
{
single = process % 10; // 'single' now holds the rightmost portion of the int
process = (process - single)/10;
// Take out the rightmost number of the int (it's a zero in this portion of the int), then divide it by 10
// The above combination eliminates the rightmost portion of the int
digits ++;
}
process = num;
// Fill the numString with '*' times digits
for (int i = 0; i < digits; i++)
{
numString += '*';
}
for (int i = digits-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
single = process % 10;
numString[i] = intToChar ( single);
process = (process - single) / 10;
}
return numString;
}
您可以使用下面给出的简单技巧将int连接到字符串,但请注意,这仅在整数为单个数字时有效。否则,将数字逐位添加到该字符串。
string name = "John";
int age = 5;
char temp = 5 + '0';
name = name + temp;
cout << name << endl;
Output: John5
auto result = fmt::format("{}{}", name, age);
该库的一个子集被提议用于标准化为P0645 Text Formatting,如果被接受,上述内容将变为:
auto result = std::format("{}{}", name, age);
免责声明:我是{fmt}库的作者。
如果你有Boost,你可以使用boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(age)
将整数转换为字符串。
另一种方法是使用stringstreams:
std::stringstream ss;
ss << age;
std::cout << name << ss.str() << std::endl;
第三种方法是使用C库中的sprintf
或snprintf
。
char buffer[128];
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s%d", name.c_str(), age);
std::cout << buffer << std::endl;
其他海报建议使用itoa
。这不是标准功能,因此如果您使用它,您的代码将无法移植。有些编译器不支持它。
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
std::ostringstream o;
o << name << age;
std::cout << o.str();
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
string itos(int i) // convert int to string
{
stringstream s;
s << i;
return s.str();
}
这是最简单的方法:
string s = name + std::to_string(age);
如果你有C ++ 11,你可以使用std::to_string
。
例:
std::string name = "John";
int age = 21;
name += std::to_string(age);
std::cout << name;
输出:
John21
在我看来,最简单的答案是使用sprintf
函数:
sprintf(outString,"%s%d",name,age);
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
string concatenate(std::string const& name, int i)
{
stringstream s;
s << name << i;
return s.str();
}