我正在致力于使用 Django 和 Django Rest Framework 实现基于角色的访问控制。我想通过 DRF 可浏览 API 创建一个具有一组权限的角色。此外,我需要更新这些权限的功能,包括添加新权限和删除现有权限。在可浏览的 API 中显示角色时,为了清晰起见,我希望预先选择关联的权限,同时还显示所有其他可用的权限以便于添加。
到目前为止我做了什么
这是我的模型的简化版本
class BaseModel(models.Model):
pkid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True, editable=False)
id = models.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False, unique=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
class Meta:
abstract = True
class Role(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class Permission(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
class RolePermission(BaseModel):
role = models.ForeignKey(
Role, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="role_permissions"
)
permission = models.ForeignKey(Permission, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
这是我的序列化器
class RoleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
permissions = serializers.SlugRelatedField(
queryset=Permission.objects.all(), many=True, required=False, slug_field="name"
)
business = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(
queryset=Business.objects.all(), required=False, allow_null=True
)
class Meta:
model = Role
fields = ("id", "name", "is_default", "permissions", "business")
def to_representation(self, instance):
representation = super().to_representation(instance)
permissions = instance.role_permissions.all().values_list(
"permission__name", flat=True
)
representation["permissions"] = list(permissions)
return representation
def to_internal_value(self, data):
data = data.copy()
permissions_data = data.pop("permissions", [])
permissions_qs = Permission.objects.filter(name__in=permissions_data)
data["permissions"] = [permission.id for permission in permissions_qs]
return super().to_internal_value(data)
预选有效,但是当我发送更新请求来修改权限时,我收到如下错误:
{
"permissions": [
"Object with name=[UUID('e4ac49c0-093a-4281-96b0-0846917fc62b')] does not exist."
]
}
我通过将序列化器重写为类似的内容来修复错误
class RoleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
permissions = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(
queryset=Permission.objects.all(), many=True, required=False
)
business = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(
queryset=Business.objects.all(), required=False, allow_null=True
)
class Meta:
model = Role
fields = ("id", "name", "is_default", "permissions", "business")
def to_representation(self, instance):
representation = super().to_representation(instance)
permissions = instance.role_permissions.all().values_list(
"permission", flat=True
)
representation["permissions"] = list(permissions)
return representation
def to_internal_value(self, data):
data = data.copy()
permissions_data = data.pop("permissions", [])
internal_value = super().to_internal_value(data)
internal_value["permissions"] = permissions_data
return internal_value
但是这样做会影响返回的 json,现在我得到的是这样的 ID,而不是权限名称
{
"id": "0b3de100-82ef-4a02-b94e-659cb6dd4314",
"name": "neweee",
"is_default": false,
"business": null,
"permissions": [
1,
2
]
}
我的问题: 如何正确地预先选择相关字段(权限)作为 DRF 可浏览 API 中的名称,同时仍然能够无错误地创建/更新?
谢谢你
PrimaryKeyRelatedField
可以使用其主键表示关系的目标。 这里
SlugRelatedField
可用于使用目标上的字段来表示关系的目标。 这里
例如:
class AlbumSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
tracks = serializers.SlugRelatedField(
many=True,
read_only=True,
slug_field='title'
)
class Meta:
model = Album
fields = ['album_name', 'artist', 'tracks']
输出:
{
'album_name': 'Dear John',
'artist': 'Loney Dear',
'tracks': [
'Airport Surroundings',
'Everything Turns to You',
'I Was Only Going Out',
...
]
}
个人解决方案:
class PermissionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Permission
fields = ['id', 'name']
在您的
RoleSerializer
中使用此序列化器
class RoleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
permissions = PermissionSerializer(many=True, required=False)
# remaining code here .....