您能否就如何使用 for _ in range() 来计算猜测数提供建议？ [已关闭]

Question

我刚刚开始使用 python 编码，之前没有编程经验。我可以获得有关我的代码以及如何改进它的建议吗？

import random

# - Write a program where the computer picks a random number between 1 and 100.
# - The user has to guess the number, with the program providing hints ("too high" or "too low").
# - Use loops to allow multiple guesses and conditionals to check user inputs.
# - Bonus: Add a scoring system based on the number of guesses.
def guess_game():
    get_guess = random.randint(1,100)
    guesses = 0
    
    while True:    
        guess = input("Guess number: ")
            
        guess = int(guess)
                
        
    
        guesses += 1
        if guesses == 3:
            print(f"You are out of guesses! The number is {get_guess}")
            break

        if guess < get_guess:
            print("Too low")
        elif guess > get_guess:
            print("Too high")
        elif guess == get_guess:
            print(f"yes {guess} is the correct number!")
            break
        
guess_game()

我尝试创建一个 for in range 函数来计算猜测值，直到有 3 个不正确的猜测值为止，但发现猜测值 += 1 和 if 猜测值 == 3：工作容易得多。任何建议都会很棒。

Answer 1

如果想限制玩家猜3次，原则上可以替换

guesses = 0
while True:
    guesses += 1
    if guesses == 3:
        break
    # ... rest of code

由

for guesses in range(3):
    # ... rest of code

现在的问题是，仅当 3 次迭代结束而没有正确猜测时才显示“You are out of猜测”，而不是如果玩家猜测正确则不显示。您不能简单地在循环下方执行此操作，因为无论哪种情况都会显示它。

要解决这个问题，您有两种可能性（可能更多，但我会展示这些）：

1. 使用最初设置为

   False

   的“标志”变量，并设置为

   True

   来记录是否有正确的猜测：

   correct = False
   for guesses in range(3):
       guess = ...
   
       # handle too low/too high ...
   
       if guess == get_guess:
           correct = True
           print("You guessed correctly")
           break
   
   if not correct:
       print("You are out of guesses")
   

2. 使用

   else

   语句的可选

   for

   部分。仅当循环中未遇到

   break

   时才会执行：

   for guesses in range(3):
       guess = ...
   
       # handle too low/too high ...
   
       if guess == get_guess:
           print("You guessed correctly")
           break
   else:
       print("You are out of guesses")
   

Answer 2

您可以使用

else

关键字在循环完成后运行代码，而不会被

break

语句提前终止。 （流利的 Python，第 464 页）

def guess_game():
    get_guess = random.randint(1, 100)
    correct = False
    for i in range(3):
        guess = int(input("Guess number: "))

        if guess < get_guess:
            print("Too low")
        elif guess > get_guess:
            print("Too high")
        elif guess == get_guess:
            print(f"{guess} is the correct number!")
            break
    else: # will not be executed if we `break` from the loop
        print(f"You are out of guesses! The number is {get_guess}")