在此字典列表中:
lst = [{'fruit': 'apple', 'qty':'4', 'color': 'green'},
{'fruit': 'orange', 'qty':'6', 'color': 'orange'},
{'fruit': 'melon', 'qty':'2', 'color': 'yellow'}]
我想获取
'fruit'
键的值,其中 'color'
键的值为 'yellow'
。
我尝试过:
any(fruits['color'] == 'yellow' for fruits in lst)
我的颜色是唯一的,当它返回
True
时,我想将 fruitChosen
的值设置为所选水果,在本例中为 'melon'
。
您可以使用列表理解来获取所有黄色水果的列表。
lst = [{'fruit': 'apple', 'qty':'4', 'color': 'green'},
{'fruit': 'orange', 'qty':'6', 'color': 'orange'},
{'fruit': 'melon', 'qty':'2', 'color': 'yellow'}]
>>> [i['fruit'] for i in lst if i['color'] == 'yellow']
['melon']
next()
函数与生成器表达式一起使用:
fruit_chosen = next((fruit['fruit'] for fruit in lst if fruit['color'] == 'yellow'), None)
这将分配 first 水果字典来匹配
fruit_chosen
,如果没有匹配则分配 None
。
或者,如果您省略默认值,如果未找到匹配项,
next()
将引发 StopIteration
:
try:
fruit_chosen = next(fruit['fruit'] for fruit in lst if fruit['color'] == 'yellow')
except StopIteration:
# No matching fruit!
演示:
>>> lst = [{'fruit': 'apple', 'qty':'4', 'color': 'green'},{'fruit': 'orange', 'qty':'6', 'color': 'orange'},{'fruit': 'melon', 'qty':'2', 'color': 'yellow'}]
>>> next((fruit['fruit'] for fruit in lst if fruit['color'] == 'yellow'), None)
'melon'
>>> next((fruit['fruit'] for fruit in lst if fruit['color'] == 'maroon'), None) is None
True
>>> next(fruit['fruit'] for fruit in lst if fruit['color'] == 'maroon')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration
如果您确定
'color'
键是唯一的,您可以轻松构建字典映射 {color: fruit}
:
>>> lst = [{'fruit': 'apple', 'qty':'4', 'color': 'green'},
{'fruit': 'orange', 'qty':'6', 'color': 'orange'},
{'fruit': 'melon', 'qty':'2', 'color': 'yellow'}]
>>> dct = {f['color']: f['fruit'] for f in lst}
>>> dct
{'orange': 'orange', 'green': 'apple', 'yellow': 'melon'}
这使您可以快速有效地分配例如
fruitChosen = dct['yellow']
我认为
filter
更适合这种情况。
result = [fruits['fruit'] for fruits in filter(lambda x: x['color'] == 'yellow', lst)]