如何使用 python 更改桌面背景？
我想在 Windows 和 Linux 中都这样做。
对于Python3.5，SystemParametersInfoA 不起作用。 使用系统参数信息W。
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20, 0, "absolute path" , 0)
在使用 python2.5 或更高版本的 Windows 上，使用 ctypes 加载 user32.dll 并通过 SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER 操作调用
SystemParametersInfo()例如：
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, "image.jpg" , 0)
我在我的一个初始项目中使用以下方法：
def set_wallpaper(self,file_loc, first_run):
# Note: There are two common Linux desktop environments where
# I have not been able to set the desktop background from
# command line: KDE, Enlightenment
desktop_env = self.get_desktop_environment()
try:
if desktop_env in ["gnome", "unity", "cinnamon"]:
uri = "'file://%s'" % file_loc
try:
SCHEMA = "org.gnome.desktop.background"
KEY = "picture-uri"
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(SCHEMA)
gsettings.set_string(KEY, uri)
except:
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.background", "picture-uri", uri]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="mate":
try: # MATE >= 1.6
# info from http://wiki.mate-desktop.org/docs:gsettings
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.mate.background", "picture-filename", "'%s'" % file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except: # MATE < 1.6
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["mateconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/mate/background/picture_filename",'"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="gnome2": # Not tested
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["gconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename", '"%s"' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
## KDE4 is difficult
## see http://blog.zx2c4.com/699 for a solution that might work
elif desktop_env in ["kde3", "trinity"]:
# From http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-803417.html
args = 'dcop kdesktop KBackgroundIface setWallpaper 0 "%s" 6' % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="xfce4":
#From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2055/change-wallpaper-for-xfce4-4.6.0
if first_run:
args0 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path", "-s", file_loc]
args1 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-style", "-s", "3"]
args2 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-show", "-s", "true"]
subprocess.Popen(args0)
subprocess.Popen(args1)
subprocess.Popen(args2)
args = ["xfdesktop","--reload"]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="razor-qt": #TODO: implement reload of desktop when possible
if first_run:
desktop_conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
# Development version
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_config_dir("razor"),"desktop.conf")
if os.path.isfile(desktop_conf_file):
config_option = r"screens\1\desktops\1\wallpaper"
else:
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".razor/desktop.conf")
config_option = r"desktops\1\wallpaper"
desktop_conf.read(os.path.join(desktop_conf_file))
try:
if desktop_conf.has_option("razor",config_option): #only replacing a value
desktop_conf.set("razor",config_option,file_loc)
with codecs.open(desktop_conf_file, "w", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
desktop_conf.write(f)
except:
pass
else:
#TODO: reload desktop when possible
pass
elif desktop_env in ["fluxbox","jwm","openbox","afterstep"]:
#http://fluxbox-wiki.org/index.php/Howto_set_the_background
# used fbsetbg on jwm too since I am too lazy to edit the XML configuration
# now where fbsetbg does the job excellent anyway.
# and I have not figured out how else it can be set on Openbox and AfterSTep
# but fbsetbg works excellent here too.
try:
args = ["fbsetbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper with fbsetbg!\n")
sys.stderr.write("Please make sre that You have fbsetbg installed.\n")
elif desktop_env=="icewm":
# command found at http://urukrama.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/desktop-backgrounds-in-window-managers/
args = ["icewmbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="blackbox":
# command found at http://blackboxwm.sourceforge.net/BlackboxDocumentation/BlackboxBackground
args = ["bsetbg", "-full", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="lxde":
args = "pcmanfm --set-wallpaper %s --wallpaper-mode=scaled" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="windowmaker":
# From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3857/set-wallpaper-on-windowmaker-in-one-line
args = "wmsetbg -s -u %s" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
## NOT TESTED BELOW - don't want to mess things up ##
#elif desktop_env=="enlightenment": # I have not been able to make it work on e17. On e16 it would have been something in this direction
# args = "enlightenment_remote -desktop-bg-add 0 0 0 0 %s" % file_loc
# subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
#elif desktop_env=="windows": #Not tested since I do not run this on Windows
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1977694/change-desktop-background
# import ctypes
# SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
# ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, file_loc , 0)
#elif desktop_env=="mac": #Not tested since I do not have a mac
# #From https://stackoverflow.com/questions/431205/how-can-i-programatically-change-the-background-in-mac-os-x
# try:
# from appscript import app, mactypes
# app('Finder').desktop_picture.set(mactypes.File(file_loc))
# except ImportError:
# #import subprocess
# SCRIPT = """/usr/bin/osascript<<END
# tell application "Finder" to
# set desktop picture to POSIX file "%s"
# end tell
# END"""
# subprocess.Popen(SCRIPT%file_loc, shell=True)
else:
if first_run: #don't spam the user with the same message over and over again
sys.stderr.write("Warning: Failed to set wallpaper. Your desktop environment is not supported.")
sys.stderr.write("You can try manually to set Your wallpaper to %s" % file_loc)
return False
return True
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper. There might be a bug.\n")
return False
def get_config_dir(self, app_name=APP_NAME):
if "XDG_CONFIG_HOME" in os.environ:
confighome = os.environ['XDG_CONFIG_HOME']
elif "APPDATA" in os.environ: # On Windows
confighome = os.environ['APPDATA']
else:
try:
from xdg import BaseDirectory
confighome = BaseDirectory.xdg_config_home
except ImportError: # Most likely a Linux/Unix system anyway
confighome = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".config")
configdir = os.path.join(confighome,app_name)
return configdir
def get_home_dir(self):
if sys.platform == "cygwin":
home_dir = os.getenv('HOME')
else:
home_dir = os.getenv('USERPROFILE') or os.getenv('HOME')
if home_dir is not None:
return os.path.normpath(home_dir)
else:
raise KeyError("Neither USERPROFILE or HOME environment variables set.")
get_desktop_environment方法已发布在另一个线程中。
在 gnome 桌面上，您通常使用 gconf 来执行此操作，可以直接调用 gconftool 或使用 gconf python 模块。后者在unutbu给出的链接中。第一种方法可以这样完成。
import commands
command = "gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename --type string '/path/to/file.jpg'"
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(command) # status=0 if success
在 gnome 中，最好直接使用 gconf 的 python 绑定：
import gconf
conf = gconf.client_get_default()
conf.set_string('/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename','/path/to/filename.jpg')
在 Windows 上，您需要使用 pywin32 和 windows API 进行一些技巧，在“linux”上，答案将取决于正在运行的桌面 - KDE、Gnome 或更奇特的东西。在 KDE（也许还有 Gnome）下，您可以使用 D-Bus 发送消息，您可以使用命令行工具 dbus-send 来执行此操作，而无需包含任何新库。
另一个选项是将桌面壁纸设置为一个文件，然后从 python 中编辑/替换该文件 - 但这可能只会在用户登录时导致更改。
首先，导入
ctypes那就打电话吧
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(20, 0, the_complete_path_of_your_image, 0)
确保路径是图像的完整路径，不仅仅是活动目录中的路径
如果您在 64 位或 32 位操作系统上运行，则调用的 SystemParametersInfo 方法有所不同。对于 64 位，您必须使用 SystemParametersInfoW (Unicode)；对于 32 位，您必须使用 SystemParametersInfoA (ANSI)
import struct
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
WALLPAPER_PATH = 'C:\\your_file_name.jpg'
def is_64_windows():
"""Find out how many bits is OS. """
return struct.calcsize('P') * 8 == 64
def get_sys_parameters_info():
"""Based on if this is 32bit or 64bit returns correct version of SystemParametersInfo function. """
return ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW if is_64_windows() \
else ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA
def change_wallpaper():
sys_parameters_info = get_sys_parameters_info()
r = sys_parameters_info(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, WALLPAPER_PATH, 3)
# When the SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER flag is used,
# SystemParametersInfo returns TRUE
# unless there is an error (like when the specified file doesn't exist).
if not r:
print(ctypes.WinError())
change_wallpaper()
import ctypes,win32con
def getWallpaper():
ubuf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(512)
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(win32con.SPI_GETDESKWALLPAPER,len(ubuf),ubuf,0)
return ubuf.value
def setWallpaper(path):
changed = win32con.SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | win32con.SPIF_SENDCHANGE
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(win32con.SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0,path,changed)
或者：（使用
SystemParametersInfoAdef getWallpaper():
sbuf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(512) # ctypes.c_buffer(512)
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(win32con.SPI_GETDESKWALLPAPER,len(sbuf),sbuf,0)
return sbuf.value
def setWallpaper(path):
changed = win32con.SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | win32con.SPIF_SENDCHANGE
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(win32con.SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0,path.encode(),changed) # "".encode() = b""
论据是：
SystemParametersInfo(SetOrGet, GetBufferSize, SetBufferOrGetBuffer, SetChange)路径必须是绝对路径，因此如果您使用与脚本相关的路径，请执行以下操作：
path = os.path.abspath(path)要了解更多可以使用
SystemParametersInfo附注这里已经有很多答案，但他们忽略了您应该做的广播。当然，没有它它也能工作，但不正确使用它是不好的做法。
P.P.S 他们只给出了硬编码值，而不是它们来自的变量。
另请注意，在获取路径时，我使用 512 个字符作为缓冲区大小，只是为了更安全，因为路径可能超过 256 个。不过，我怀疑是否有人会拥有那么长的路径。
还有一点要注意。我只在Python 3中测试了上述示例，但我不认为SystemParametersInfoA需要Python 2中的.encode()。（我相信他们将Python 3中的字符串更新为unicode）SystemParametersInfoW中的字符串可能需要转换为Python 2.
我阅读了所有答案，经过一段时间的搜索，我找到了一个更简单的解决方案。
安装名为 py-wallpaper 的模块。
pip install py-wallpaper
导入模块。
from wallpaper import set_wallpaper, get_wallpaper
使用set walpaper设置壁纸
set_wallpaper("location/to/image.jpg")
使用 get wall 获取当前壁纸的路径
print(get_wallpaper())
谢谢。
import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, 'your image path', 3)
#'C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\abc.jpg'
它对我来说效果很好。 windows10，python27
在Python2.5或更高版本的Windows上，使用ctypes加载user32.dll并调用
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20,0,"Path_wallpaper", 0)
speak("Background changed succesfully")
只是在 ShivaGuntuku 的帖子中添加一点精度： 在 python 3 中，您应该将 SytemParametersInfoA 中的“A”替换为“W”。使用 python 3 更改 windows10 中的桌面背景的小例子:
import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, 'C:\\Users\\godet\\OneDrive\\Images\\breaker_wall.jpg', 0)
你可以使用这个库PyWallpaper，在Mac上也为我工作。
要安装，请输入
pip install PyWallpaperfrom PyWallpaper import change_wallpaper
change_wallpaper("/some_path/sample.jpg")
这对我有用
import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20,0,path:os.PathLike,3)
结合那些使用aliae的人的一些答案，我为
创建了一个python oneliner别名python -c "import pathlib; import ctypes; ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20, 0, str(pathlib.Path('$1').resolve()), 0)"
alias:
- name: setwp
value: |
python -c "import pathlib; import ctypes; ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20, 0, str(pathlib.Path('$1').resolve()), 0)"
type: function
if: eq .OS "windows"