在C / C ++中,switch/case
将积分与编译时间常数进行比较。无法使用它们来比较用户/库定义的类型,例如std::string
。 Why the switch statement cannot be applied on strings?
我们可以实现look-a-like switch/case
,它给出相似的语法糖,并且可以避免简单的if/else
比较。
struct X {
std::string s;
bool operator== (const X& other) const { return s == other.s; }
bool operator== (const std::string& other) const { return s == other; }
};
简而言之,如果为类型switch/case
定义了operator==
,则应该可以运行此X
。即:]]
X x1{"Hello"}, x2{"World"}; switch(x2) { // compare literal or any different type for which `==` is defined case "Hello": std::cout << "Compared 'Hello'\n"; break; // cases/default appear in between and also can fall-through without break default: std::cout << "Compared 'Default'\n"; // compare compiletime or runtime created objects case x2: { std::cout << "Compared 'World'\n"; break; } }
我知道上面是不可能的。但是任何类似的外观都会很好。例如,此blogspot: Fun with switch statements中演示了一种方法。
在C / C ++中,switch / case将一个积分与编译时间常数进行比较。无法使用它们来比较用户/库定义的类型,例如std :: string。为什么switch语句不能是...
#define CONCATE_(X,Y) X##Y
#define CONCATE(X,Y) CONCATE_(X,Y)
#define UNIQUE(NAME) CONCATE(NAME, __LINE__)
#define MSVC_BUG(MACRO, ARGS) MACRO ARGS
#define NUM_ARGS_2(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, TOTAL, ...) TOTAL
#define NUM_ARGS_1(...) MSVC_BUG(NUM_ARGS_2, (__VA_ARGS__))
#define NUM_ARGS(...) NUM_ARGS_1(__VA_ARGS__, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
#define VA_MACRO(MACRO, ...) MSVC_BUG(CONCATE, (MACRO, NUM_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)))(__VA_ARGS__)
#define switch_(X) static_assert(not std::is_pointer<decltype(X)>::value, "Pointer comparison!"); \
for(enum { INVALID, CASES, DEFAULT, BREAK, COMPARED } IS_ = CASES; \
IS_ != BREAK; assert(IS_ == BREAK or IS_ == DEFAULT)) \
for(const auto& VAR_ = X; IS_ != BREAK; IS_ == DEFAULT or (IS_ = BREAK)) \
#define case_(...) VA_MACRO(case_, __VA_ARGS__)
#define case_1(X) } if(IS_ == COMPARED or \
((VAR_ == X) and (IS_ = COMPARED))) { CONCATE(case,__LINE__)
#define case_2(X,OP) } if(IS_ == COMPARED or \
((VAR_ OP X) and (IS_ = COMPARED))) { CONCATE(case,__LINE__)
#define default_ } if(IS_ == COMPARED or (IS_ == DEFAULT and (IS_ = COMPARED)) or \
not(IS_ = DEFAULT)) { CONCATE(default,__LINE__)
#define break_ } if(IS_ == COMPARED and (IS_ = BREAK)) break; { (void)0
您无法避免以下情况:开关盒必须为constexpr
整数,因此case x2:
将不起作用。它必须是constexpr
。
模拟在constexpr
字符串上切换的一种方法可能是使用constexpr
哈希函数。