我正在尝试为我的Web服务器启用SSL。但是，当我启用ssl时，http停止工作并且https无法开始工作。我遵循以下指南：
服务器上没有激活防火墙。这是default-ssl.conf文件：
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
ServerName MyWebSite.com
ServerAlias www.MyWebSite.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
# modules, e.g.
#LogLevel info ssl:warn
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
# SSL Engine Switch:
# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on
# A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing
# the ssl-cert package. See
# /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info.
# If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the
# SSLCertificateFile directive is needed.
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/MyWebSite_com.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/MyWebSite_com.key
# Server Certificate Chain:
# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
# certificate for convinience.
#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt
# Certificate Authority (CA):
# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/
#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
# Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
# Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
# authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
# of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/
#SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl
# Client Authentication (Type):
# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are
# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a
# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth 10
# SSL Engine Options:
# Set various options for the SSL engine.
# o FakeBasicAuth:
# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that
# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The
# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
# o ExportCertData:
# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
# into CGI scripts.
# o StdEnvVars:
# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
# o OptRenegotiate:
# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
# directives are used in per-directory context.
#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
# SSL Protocol Adjustments:
# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
# approach you can use one of the following variables:
# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates
# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
# works correctly.
# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
# "force-response-1.0" for this.
# BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
# nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
# downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
apache -S给我：
AH00111：配置变量$ {APACHE_RUN_DIR}未定义apache2：/etc/apache2/apache2.conf的第80行的语法错误：DefaultRuntimeDir必须是有效目录，绝对目录或相对于ServerRoot的相对目录
和apachectl -S给了我：
AH00558：apache2：无法使用192.168.178.24可靠地确定服务器的标准域名。全局设置“ ServerName”指令以禁止显示此消息VirtualHost配置：*：80 192.168.178.24（/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf:1）*：443 MyWebSite.com（/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default-ssl.conf:2）ServerRoot：“ / etc / apache2”主DocumentRoot：“ / var / www / html”主要错误日志：“ / var / log / apache2 / error.log”互斥体看门狗回调：using_defaults互斥锁ssl-stapling-refresh：using_defaultsMutex SSL装订：using_defaultsMutex SSL缓存：using_defaults互斥量默认值：dir =“ / var / run / apache2 /”机制=默认值互斥MPM-Accept：using_defaultsPidFile：“ / var / run / apache2 / apache2.pid”定义：DUMP_VHOSTS定义：DUMP_RUN_CFG用户：name =“ www-data” id = 33组：name =“ www-data” id = 33
禁用ssl立即获得http备份。 （重新启动Apache之后）
[不幸的是，我不再知道我可以尝试做些什么。这里的任何帮助将不胜感激！
谢谢您！
编辑：很明显，我提供的信息不能完全解释我的问题，因此我在此处添加其他详细信息：
sudo service apache2 restart
给出以下结果：
警告：单位文件，源配置文件或apache2.service在磁盘上已更改。运行'systemctl daemon-reload'来重新加载单位。 apache2.service的作业失败，因为该控件进程退出并显示错误代码。请参阅“ systemctl状态apache2.service”和“ journalctl -xe”以获取详细信息
systemctl daemon-reload
运行成功，但是再次运行重新启动命令时，我仍然收到作业失败的响应。以下是对“ systemctl status apache2.service”的响应]
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d
└─apache2-systemd.conf
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2019-12-02 11:08:57 CET; 3h 28min ago
Process: 4557 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 1413 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu apachectl[4557]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.178.24. Set the 'ServerNa
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu apachectl[4557]: Action 'start' failed.
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu apachectl[4557]: The Apache error log may have more information.
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu systemd[1]: apache2.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu systemd[1]: apache2.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 02 11:08:57 ubuntu systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
下面是journalctl -xe的结果
--
-- Unit motd-news.service has begun starting up.
Dec 02 13:56:00 ubuntu 50-motd-news[5122]: * Overheard at KubeCon: "microk8s.status just blew my mind".
Dec 02 13:56:00 ubuntu 50-motd-news[5122]: https://microk8s.io/docs/commands#microk8s.status
Dec 02 13:56:00 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Message of the Day.
-- Subject: Unit motd-news.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Unit motd-news.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is RESULT.
Dec 02 14:09:02 ubuntu CRON[5169]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Dec 02 14:09:02 ubuntu CRON[5170]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php/sessionclean ] && if [ ! -d /run/systemd/system ]; then /usr/lib/php/sessionclean; fi)
Dec 02 14:09:02 ubuntu CRON[5169]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Dec 02 14:09:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
-- Subject: Unit phpsessionclean.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Unit phpsessionclean.service has begun starting up.
Dec 02 14:09:44 ubuntu sessionclean[5171]: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'mysqli' (tried: /usr/lib/php/20170718/mysqli (/usr/lib/php/2017071
Dec 02 14:09:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Clean php session files.
-- Subject: Unit phpsessionclean.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Unit phpsessionclean.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is RESULT.
Dec 02 14:17:01 ubuntu CRON[5220]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Dec 02 14:17:01 ubuntu CRON[5221]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Dec 02 14:17:01 ubuntu CRON[5220]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Dec 02 14:18:00 ubuntu systemd-timesyncd[1097]: Network configuration changed, trying to establish connection.
Dec 02 14:18:00 ubuntu systemd-timesyncd[1097]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.89.198:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Dec 02 14:39:01 ubuntu CRON[5241]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Dec 02 14:39:01 ubuntu CRON[5242]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php/sessionclean ] && if [ ! -d /run/systemd/system ]; then /usr/lib/php/sessionclean; fi)
Dec 02 14:39:01 ubuntu CRON[5241]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Dec 02 14:39:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
-- Subject: Unit phpsessionclean.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Unit phpsessionclean.service has begun starting up.
Dec 02 14:39:44 ubuntu sessionclean[5244]: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'mysqli' (tried: /usr/lib/php/20170718/mysqli (/usr/lib/php/2017071
Dec 02 14:39:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Clean php session files.
-- Subject: Unit phpsessionclean.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Unit phpsessionclean.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is RESULT.
Dec 02 14:47:59 ubuntu systemd-timesyncd[1097]: Network configuration changed, trying to establish connection.
Dec 02 14:47:59 ubuntu systemd-timesyncd[1097]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.89.198:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
经过大量搜索后，我发现这是由于我的密钥损坏了。
我能够通过检查apache错误日志来确定这一点：
sudo nano /var/log/apache2/error.log
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.784521 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] AH02579: Init: Private key not found
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.784840 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_check_tlen:wrong tag
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.784922 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D08303A:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_template_noexp_d2i:nested asn1 error
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.784990 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_check_tlen:wrong tag
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785061 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_item_embed_d2i:nested asn1 error (Type=RSAPrivat$
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785135 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:04093004:rsa routines:old_rsa_priv_decode:RSA lib
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785200 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_check_tlen:wrong tag
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785269 2019] [ssl:error] [pid 4560] SSL Library Error: error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_item_embed_d2i:nested asn1 error (Type=PKCS8_PRI$
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785434 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 4560] AH02311: Fatal error initialising mod_ssl, exiting. See /var/log/apache2/error.log for more information
[Mon Dec 02 11:08:57.785469 2019] [ssl:emerg] [pid 4560] AH02564: Failed to configure encrypted (?) private key MyWebSite.com:443:0, check /etc/apache2/ssl/MyWebSite$
AH00016: Configuration Failed
如图所示，“未找到私钥”不是指密钥的路径，而是指密钥已损坏。我通过以下方式打开密钥进行了检查：
sudo nano MyWebSite.key
如果密钥正确，将显示文本
-----开始私钥-----
位于键的顶部。如果您与我处于同一状况，希望对您有帮助。