我有一个像这样的数字列表(数组)
1 2 3 4
所以,我的目标是检查是否给定另一个数组,如果该数组是原始示例的排列,则数组(3 4 1 2)
和(1 2 4 3)
是原始数组的排列,但是(1 2 1 1)
或(1 5 4 3)
不是。
两个可能的解决方案是:
((1) O(n)
空间和平均时间的解决方案是根据哈希表创建数据的histogram-并检查直方图是否相同。想法是-计算每个元素在每个列表中出现的数量,然后检查每个元素在每个数组中完全出现的次数相同。
伪代码:
map1 = new map //first histogram
map2 = new map //second histogram
for each element in arr1: //create first histogram
if (element in map1):
map1.put(element,map1.get(element)+1)
else:
map1.put(element,1)
for each element in arr2: //create second histogram
if (element in map2):
map2.put(element,map2.get(element)+1)
else:
map2.put(element,1)
for each key in map 1: //check all elements in arr1 appear in arr2
if map1.get(key) != map2.get(key):
return false
//make sure the sizes also match, it means that each element in arr2 appears in arr1.
return arr1.length == arr2.length
((2) O(nlogn)
时间解决方案是对两个数组进行排序,然后迭代并检查它们是否相同。
如果您确实有序列,则可以检查给定数组的排列是否快得多。只需计算序列中所有元素的总和,然后将其与给定数组中的元素总和进行比较即可。
bool is_permutation(vector<int> &v, vector<int> &s) {
// size of the sequence
int v_size = v.size();
// size of probable permutation.
int s_size = s.size();
// Calculate a sum of all elements of the sequence
int sum_of_sequence = (v_size * (1 + v_size)) / 2;
// Count actual sum of elements
int sum_of_all_elements = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
// If the sums are equal the array contains a permuted sequence
return sum_of_sequence == sum_of_all_elements;
}