我正在尝试使用 Xcode 7 beta 2 中提供的新 UI 测试编写一个测试用例。该应用程序有一个登录屏幕,可以调用服务器进行登录。由于它是异步操作,因此存在与此相关的延迟。
有没有办法在继续下一步之前在 XCTestCase 中引起延迟或等待机制?
没有适当的文档可用,我浏览了类的头文件。找不到与此相关的任何内容。
有什么想法/建议吗?
另外,你可以直接睡觉:
sleep(10)
由于 UITests 在另一个进程中运行,所以这是可行的。我不知道这有多可取,但它确实有效。
异步 UI 测试是在 Xcode 7 Beta 4 中引入的。等待带有文本“Hello, world!”的标签。要出现,您可以执行以下操作:
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"]
let exists = NSPredicate(format: "exists == 1")
expectationForPredicate(exists, evaluatedWithObject: label, handler: nil)
waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(5, handler: nil)
更多有关 UI 测试的详细信息可以在我的博客上找到。
iOS 11 / Xcode 9
<#yourElement#>.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
这是本网站上所有自定义实现的绝佳替代品!
请务必在这里查看我的答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/48937714/971329。在那里,我描述了等待请求的替代方法,这将大大减少测试运行的时间!
Xcode 9 与 XCTWaiter
引入了新技巧测试用例显式等待
wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
Waiter 实例委托测试
XCTWaiter(delegate: self).wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
Waiter 类返回结果
let result = XCTWaiter.wait(for: [documentExpectation], timeout: 10)
switch(result) {
case .completed:
//all expectations were fulfilled before timeout!
case .timedOut:
//timed out before all of its expectations were fulfilled
case .incorrectOrder:
//expectations were not fulfilled in the required order
case .invertedFulfillment:
//an inverted expectation was fulfilled
case .interrupted:
//waiter was interrupted before completed or timedOut
}
Xcode 9 之前
目标C
- (void)waitForElementToAppear:(XCUIElement *)element withTimeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
{
NSUInteger line = __LINE__;
NSString *file = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:__FILE__];
NSPredicate *existsPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"exists == true"];
[self expectationForPredicate:existsPredicate evaluatedWithObject:element handler:nil];
[self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:timeout handler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (error != nil) {
NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed to find %@ after %f seconds",element,timeout];
[self recordFailureWithDescription:message inFile:file atLine:line expected:YES];
}
}];
}
使用
XCUIElement *element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"];
[self waitForElementToAppear:element withTimeout:5];
斯威夫特
func waitForElementToAppear(element: XCUIElement, timeout: NSTimeInterval = 5, file: String = #file, line: UInt = #line) {
let existsPredicate = NSPredicate(format: "exists == true")
expectationForPredicate(existsPredicate,
evaluatedWithObject: element, handler: nil)
waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(timeout) { (error) -> Void in
if (error != nil) {
let message = "Failed to find \(element) after \(timeout) seconds."
self.recordFailureWithDescription(message, inFile: file, atLine: line, expected: true)
}
}
}
使用
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
self.waitForElementToAppear(element)
或
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
self.waitForElementToAppear(element, timeout: 10)
从 Xcode 8.3 开始,我们可以使用
XCTWaiter
http://masilotti.com/xctest-waiting/
func waitForElementToAppear(_ element: XCUIElement) -> Bool {
let predicate = NSPredicate(format: "exists == true")
let expectation = expectation(for: predicate, evaluatedWith: element,
handler: nil)
let result = XCTWaiter().wait(for: [expectation], timeout: 5)
return result == .completed
}
另一个技巧是编写一个
wait
函数,感谢 John Sundell 向我展示了它
extension XCTestCase {
func wait(for duration: TimeInterval) {
let waitExpectation = expectation(description: "Waiting")
let when = DispatchTime.now() + duration
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when) {
waitExpectation.fulfill()
}
// We use a buffer here to avoid flakiness with Timer on CI
waitForExpectations(timeout: duration + 0.5)
}
}
并像这样使用它
func testOpenLink() {
let delegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
let route = RouteMock()
UIApplication.shared.open(linkUrl, options: [:], completionHandler: nil)
wait(for: 1)
XCTAssertNotNil(route.location)
}
这将产生延迟,而不会让线程进入睡眠状态或在超时时抛出错误:
let delayExpectation = XCTestExpectation()
delayExpectation.isInverted = true
wait(for: [delayExpectation], timeout: 5)
因为期望反转,所以会悄悄超时。
根据@Ted的回答,我使用了这个扩展:
extension XCTestCase {
// Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/33855219
func waitFor<T>(object: T, timeout: TimeInterval = 5, file: String = #file, line: UInt = #line, expectationPredicate: @escaping (T) -> Bool) {
let predicate = NSPredicate { obj, _ in
expectationPredicate(obj as! T)
}
expectation(for: predicate, evaluatedWith: object, handler: nil)
waitForExpectations(timeout: timeout) { error in
if (error != nil) {
let message = "Failed to fulful expectation block for \(object) after \(timeout) seconds."
let location = XCTSourceCodeLocation(filePath: file, lineNumber: line)
let issue = XCTIssue(type: .assertionFailure, compactDescription: message, detailedDescription: nil, sourceCodeContext: .init(location: location), associatedError: nil, attachments: [])
self.record(issue)
}
}
}
}
你可以这样使用它
let element = app.staticTexts["Name of your element"]
waitFor(object: element) { $0.exists }
它还允许等待元素消失,或任何其他属性更改(通过使用适当的块)
waitFor(object: element) { !$0.exists } // Wait for it to disappear
Xcode 测试等待
就我而言,
sleep
产生了副作用,所以我使用了wait
let _ = XCTWaiter.wait(for: [XCTestExpectation(description: "Hello World!")], timeout: 2.0)
编辑:
我实际上刚刚想到,在 Xcode 7b4 中,UI 测试现在有了
expectationForPredicate:evaluatedWithObject:handler:
原文:
另一种方法是旋转运行循环一段设定的时间。 仅当您知道需要等待多少(估计)时间时才真正有用
对象-C:
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow: <<time to wait in seconds>>]]
斯威夫特:
NSRunLoop.currentRunLoop().runMode(NSDefaultRunLoopMode, beforeDate: NSDate(timeIntervalSinceNow: <<time to wait in seconds>>))
如果您需要测试某些条件才能继续测试,这并不是非常有用。 要运行条件检查,请使用
while
循环。
我们在当前公司的做法是创建一个 XCUIElement 表达式期望(以创建通用的等待方法)。我们按照以下方式进行操作,以确保它是可维护的(有很多期望变化,并且不想创建大量方法/特定谓词来做到这一点。
斯威夫特5
表达式用于形成动态谓词值。我们可以从谓词创建
XCTNSPredicateExpectation
,然后将其传递到 XCTWaiter
以显式等待。如果结果不是completed
,那么我们会失败并显示一条可选消息。
@discardableResult
func wait(
until expression: @escaping (XCUIElement) -> Bool,
timeout: TimeInterval = 15,
message: @autoclosure () -> String = "",
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) -> Self {
if expression(self) {
return self
}
let predicate = NSPredicate { _, _ in
expression(self)
}
let expectation = XCTNSPredicateExpectation(predicate: predicate, object: nil)
let result = XCTWaiter().wait(for: [expectation], timeout: timeout)
if result != .completed {
XCTFail(
message().isEmpty ? "expectation not matched after waiting" : message(),
file: file,
line: line
)
}
return self
}
用法
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: { $0.exists })
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: { $0.isHittable })
然后我们将其包装在一个方法中,其中 keyPath 和
match
值构成表达式。
@discardableResult
func wait<Value: Equatable>(
until keyPath: KeyPath<XCUIElement, Value>,
matches match: Value,
timeout: TimeInterval = 15,
message: @autoclosure () -> String = "",
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) -> Self {
wait(
until: { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == match },
timeout: timeout,
message: message,
file: file,
line: line
)
}
用法
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.exists, matches: true)
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.isHittable, matches: false)
然后您可以包装该方法,其中对于我发现最常见的用例,
match
值始终为true
。
用法
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.exists)
app.buttons["my_button"].wait(until: \.isHittable)
我写了一篇关于它的文章,并在那里获取了完整的扩展文件:https://sourcediving.com/clean-waiting-in-xcuitest-43bab495230f
以下代码仅适用于 Objective C。
- (void)wait:(NSUInteger)interval {
XCTestExpectation *expectation = [self expectationWithDescription:@"wait"];
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(interval * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[expectation fulfill];
});
[self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:interval handler:nil];
}
只需调用此函数,如下所示。
[self wait: 10];
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
//Find the button in the UI
let SettingsButton =
app.navigationBars["HomeView"].buttons["Settings"]
XCTAssertTrue(settingButton.waitForExistence(timeout: 10))
睡眠会阻塞线程
“当线程被阻塞时,不会发生运行循环处理。”
你可以使用waitForExistence
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
if let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"] {
label.waitForExistence(timeout: 5)
}
根据 XCUIElement 的 API
.exists
可用于检查查询是否存在,因此以下语法在某些情况下可能很有用!
let app = XCUIApplication()
app.launch()
let label = app.staticTexts["Hello, world!"]
while !label.exists {
sleep(1)
}
如果您确信最终会满足您的期望,您可以尝试运行此程序。应该注意的是,如果等待时间太长,崩溃可能会更好,在这种情况下,应该使用@Joe Masilotti 帖子中的
waitForExpectationsWithTimeout(_,handler:_)
。
下面的内容与原始问题无关,而是等待特定的元素。 我们注意到从Xcode9.0开始,有一个XCUIElement
的APIfunc waitForExistence(timeout: TimeInterval) -> Bool