如何从.NET读取PEM RSA私钥

问题描述 投票:0回答:10

我有一个

RSA
格式的
PEM
私钥,是否有直接的方法从 .NET 读取该私钥并实例化
RSACryptoServiceProvider
来解密使用相应公钥加密的数据?

c# .net cryptography rsa
10个回答
95
投票

更新 03/03/2021

.NET 5 现在开箱即用地支持此功能。

要尝试下面的代码片段,请生成密钥对并在 http://travistidwell.com/jsencrypt/demo/

加密一些文本
var privateKey = @"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
{ the full PEM private key } 
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";

var rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportFromPem(privateKey.ToCharArray());

var decryptedBytes = rsa.Decrypt(
    Convert.FromBase64String("{ base64-encoded encrypted string }"), 
    RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1
);

// this will print the original unencrypted string
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes));

原答案

我解决了,谢谢。如果有人感兴趣,bouncycastle 做到了这一点,只是因为我缺乏知识和文档而花了我一些时间。这是代码:

var bytesToDecrypt = Convert.FromBase64String("la0Cz.....D43g=="); // string to decrypt, base64 encoded
 
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair; 
 
using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:\myprivatekey.pem")) // file containing RSA PKCS1 private key
    keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair) new PemReader(reader).ReadObject(); 
 
var decryptEngine = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());
decryptEngine.Init(false, keyPair.Private); 
 
var decrypted = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptEngine.ProcessBlock(bytesToDecrypt, 0, bytesToDecrypt.Length)); 

36
投票

关于轻松导入 RSA 私钥,而不使用 BouncyCastle 等第 3 方代码,我认为答案是“不,不能单独使用私钥的 PEM。”

但是,正如 Simone 上面提到的,您可以简单地将私钥 (*.key) 的 PEM 和使用该密钥 (*.crt) 的证书文件合并到 *.pfx 文件中,然后可以轻松导入该文件。

要从命令行生成 PFX 文件:

openssl pkcs12 -in a.crt -inkey a.key -export -out a.pfx

然后与.NET证书类正常使用,例如:

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

X509Certificate2 combinedCertificate = new X509Certificate2(@"C:\path\to\file.pfx");

现在您可以按照MSDN中的示例通过RSACryptoServiceProvider进行加密和解密:

我遗漏了,要解密,您需要使用 PFX 密码和可导出标志进行导入。 (请参阅:BouncyCastle RSAPrivateKey 到 .NET RSAPrivateKey

X509KeyStorageFlags flags = X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable;
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2("my.pfx", "somepass", flags);

RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)cert.PrivateKey;
RSAParameters rsaParam = rsa.ExportParameters(true); 

33
投票

您可以查看 JavaScience'sOpenSSLKey

源代码

里面的代码完全可以做你想做的事。

事实上,他们有很多加密货币源代码可以在这里找到


源代码片段:

//------- Parses binary ans.1 RSA private key; returns RSACryptoServiceProvider  ---
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey)
{
        byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ ;

        // ---------  Set up stream to decode the asn.1 encoded RSA private key  ------
        MemoryStream  mem = new MemoryStream(privkey) ;
        BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem) ;    //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
        byte bt = 0;
        ushort twobytes = 0;
        int elems = 0;
        try {
                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
                        binr.ReadByte();        //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
                        binr.ReadInt16();       //advance 2 bytes
                else
                        return null;

                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes != 0x0102) //version number
                        return null;
                bt = binr.ReadByte();
                if (bt !=0x00)
                        return null;


                //------  all private key components are Integer sequences ----
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                E = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                D = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                P = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;

                Console.WriteLine("showing components ..");
                if (verbose) {
                        showBytes("\nModulus", MODULUS) ;
                        showBytes("\nExponent", E);
                        showBytes("\nD", D);
                        showBytes("\nP", P);
                        showBytes("\nQ", Q);
                        showBytes("\nDP", DP);
                        showBytes("\nDQ", DQ);
                        showBytes("\nIQ", IQ);
                }

                // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
                RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();
                RSAparams.Modulus =MODULUS;
                RSAparams.Exponent = E;
                RSAparams.D = D;
                RSAparams.P = P;
                RSAparams.Q = Q;
                RSAparams.DP = DP;
                RSAparams.DQ = DQ;
                RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;
                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);
                return RSA;
        }
        catch (Exception) {
                return null;
        }
        finally {
                binr.Close();
        }
}

4
投票

之间的东西

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY---- 

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 

是 PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo 的 base64 编码(除非它说 RSA ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY,在这种情况下它是 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo)。

手动解码并不难,但否则最好的选择是 P/Invoke 到 CryptImportPKCS8


更新: 从 Windows Server 2008 和 Windows Vista 开始,CryptImportPKCS8 功能不再可用。相反,请使用 PFXImportCertStore 函数。


4
投票

好的,我使用 mac 生成我的自签名密钥。这是我使用的工作方法。

我创建了一个 shell 脚本来加速密钥生成。

genkey.sh

#/bin/sh

ssh-keygen -f host.key
openssl req -new -key host.key -out request.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 99999 -in request.csr -signkey host.key -out server.crt
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey host.key -in server.crt -out private_public.p12 -name "SslCert"
openssl base64 -in private_public.p12 -out Base64.key

将 +x 执行标志添加到脚本中

chmod +x genkey.sh

然后调用genkey.sh

./genkey.sh

我输入密码(重要的是至少在最后导出时包含密码)

Enter pass phrase for host.key:
Enter Export Password:   {Important to enter a password here}
Verifying - Enter Export Password: { Same password here }

然后我将 Base64.Key 中的所有内容放入名为 sslKey 的字符串中

private string sslKey = "MIIJiAIBA...................................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        ".............ugICCAA=";

然后我使用延迟加载属性 getter 来获取带有私钥的 X509 证书。

X509Certificate2 _serverCertificate = null;
X509Certificate2 serverCertificate{
    get
    {
        if (_serverCertificate == null){
            string pass = "Your Export Password Here";
            _serverCertificate = new X509Certificate(Convert.FromBase64String(sslKey), pass, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
        }
        return _serverCertificate;
    }
}

我想走这条路,因为我在 mac 上使用 .net 2.0 和 Mono,并且我想使用没有编译库或依赖项的普通框架代码。

我最终使用的是 SslStream 来保护与我的应用程序的 TCP 通信

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);

我希望这对其他人有帮助。

注意

如果没有密码,我无法正确解锁导出的私钥。


4
投票

我已经尝试了 PEM 编码的 PKCS#8 RSA 私钥的已接受的答案,结果是

PemException
malformed sequence in RSA private key
消息。原因是
Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader
似乎只支持PKCS#1私钥。

我可以通过切换到

Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader
(注意类型名称匹配!)来获取私钥,如下所示

private static RSAParameters GetRsaParameters(string rsaPrivateKey)
{
    var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(rsaPrivateKey);
    using (var ms = new MemoryStream(byteArray))
    {
        using (var sr = new StreamReader(ms))
        {
            var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader(sr);
            var pem = pemReader.ReadPemObject();
            var privateKey = PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(pem.Content);

            return DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(privateKey as RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters);
        }
    }
}

3
投票

我创建了 PemUtils 库来完成这个任务。该代码可在 GitHub 上获取,并且可以从 NuGet 安装:

PM> Install-Package PemUtils

或者如果您只想要 DER 转换器:

PM> Install-Package DerConverter

从 PEM 数据读取 RSA 密钥的用途:

using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
using (var reader = new PemReader(stream))
{
    var rsaParameters = reader.ReadRsaKey();
    // ...
}

2
投票

对于那些不想使用 Bouncy 并尝试其他答案中包含的一些代码的人,我发现该代码在大多数情况下都可以工作,但会在某些 RSA 私有字符串上出错,例如我已包含在下面。通过查看 bouncy 代码,我将 wprl 提供的代码调整为

    RSAparams.D = ConvertRSAParametersField(D, MODULUS.Length);
    RSAparams.DP = ConvertRSAParametersField(DP, P.Length);
    RSAparams.DQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(DQ, Q.Length);
    RSAparams.InverseQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(IQ, Q.Length);

    private static byte[] ConvertRSAParametersField(byte[] bs, int size)
    {
        if (bs.Length == size)
            return bs;

        if (bs.Length > size)
            throw new ArgumentException("Specified size too small", "size");

        byte[] padded = new byte[size];
        Array.Copy(bs, 0, padded, size - bs.Length, bs.Length);
        return padded;
    }

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

1
投票

检查http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd203099.aspx

在密码学应用程序块下。

不知道你是否能得到答案,但值得一试。

评论后编辑

好的,然后检查此代码。

using System.Security.Cryptography;


public static string DecryptEncryptedData(stringBase64EncryptedData, stringPathToPrivateKeyFile) { 
    X509Certificate2 myCertificate; 
    try{ 
        myCertificate = new X509Certificate2(PathToPrivateKeyFile); 
    } catch{ 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to open key file."); 
    } 

    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaObj; 
    if(myCertificate.HasPrivateKey) { 
         rsaObj = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)myCertificate.PrivateKey; 
    } else 
        throw new CryptographicException("Private key not contained within certificate."); 

    if(rsaObj == null) 
        return String.Empty; 

    byte[] decryptedBytes; 
    try{ 
        decryptedBytes = rsaObj.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(Base64EncryptedData), false); 
    } catch { 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to decrypt data."); 
    } 

    //    Check to make sure we decrpyted the string 
   if(decryptedBytes.Length == 0) 
        return String.Empty; 
    else 
        return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes); 
} 

0
投票

private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKeyPath) 抛出 IOException、NoSuchAlgorithmException、InvalidKeySpecException { KeyFactory 工厂 = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

    try (FileReader keyReader = new FileReader(privateKeyPath);
         PemReader pemReader = new PemReader(keyReader)) {

        PemObject pemObject = pemReader.readPemObject();
        byte[] content = pemObject.getContent();
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(content);
        return (PrivateKey) factory.generatePrivate(privKeySpec);

    }
}
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