我想通过pyatgraph显示我的数据，主要是因为它提供了一个简单的FFT方法。我用 Qt Designer 编写了一个 GUI，并在其中创建了 pyqtgraph。当我尝试绘制数据时出现问题。图表没有出现，每当我将光标移到图表上方时，都会不断弹出以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\22960\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pyqtgraph\graphicsItems\PlotCurveItem.py", line 299, in boundingRect
(xmn, xmx) = self.dataBounds(ax=0)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\22960\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pyqtgraph\graphicsItems\PlotCurveItem.py", line 249, in dataBounds
b = ( float(np.nanmin(d)), float(np.nanmax(d)) ) # enforce float format for bounds, even if data format is different
^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\22960\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\nanfunctions.py", line 343, in nanmin
res = np.fmin.reduce(a, axis=axis, out=out, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
numpy.core._exceptions._UFuncNoLoopError: ufunc 'fmin' did not contain a loop with signature matching types (dtype('<U8'), dtype('<U8')) -> None
主要代码为：
import sys # sys нужен для передачи argv в QApplication
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QGraphicsScene,QMainWindow
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import typing
import threading as th
import interface # Это наш конвертированный файл дизайна
import pyqtgraph as pg
from pyqtgraph import PlotWidget, plot
from scipy.signal import hilbert, find_peaks, butter, filtfilt, savgol_filter
from PyEMD import EMD
from datetime import datetime as dt
def find_max_scipy(x: np.ndarray, min_distance: int=None,
min_height=None, min_width=None) -> float:
# validate
if(not isinstance(x, np.ndarray)):
return np.array([])
if(not (isinstance(min_distance, float) or isinstance(min_distance, int) or
isinstance(min_distance, type(None)))):
return np.array([])
if(not (isinstance(min_height, int) or isinstance(min_height, float) or
isinstance(min_height, type(None)))):
return np.array([])
if(not (isinstance(min_width, type(None)) or isinstance(min_width, float)
or isinstance(min_width, int))):
return np.array([])
# preset
if(isinstance(min_width, type(None))):
min_width = len(x) / 20
if(isinstance(min_distance, type(None))):
min_distance = 10
# if(isinstance(min_height, type(None))):
# min_height = abs(x.max() - x.min()) / 4
# cases
if(isinstance(min_height, type(None)) and isinstance(min_distance,
type(None))):
return(find_peaks(x, width=min_width)[0])
if(isinstance(min_height, type(None))):
return(find_peaks(x, distance=min_distance, width=min_width)[0])
if(isinstance(min_distance, type(None))):
return(find_peaks(x, height=min_height, width=min_width)[0])
return(find_peaks(x, height=min_height, distance=min_distance,
width=min_width)[0])
def lowpass_filtr(x: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, thereshold_freq=0.2):
"""
Original low-pass filter.
Parameters
----------
thereshold_freq: float
0.2 -> thereshold_T = 5 nm.
1 -> thresehold_t = 1 nm.
"""
Sample_rate = x.size / (x[-1] - x[0])
# thereshold_freq
slice_freq = 2*thereshold_freq/Sample_rate
b, a = butter(N=2, Wn=slice_freq, btype='lowpass', analog=False, fs=1)
y_clean = filtfilt(b, a, y)
return y_clean
def savitzky_golay(y, window_size=501, order=3, deriv=0, rate=1):
r"""Smooth (and optionally differentiate) data with a Savitzky-Golay filter.
The Savitzky-Golay filter removes high frequency noise from data.
It has the advantage of preserving the original shape and
features of the signal better than other types of filtering
approaches, such as moving averages techniques.
Parameters
----------
y : array_like, shape (N,)
the values of the time history of the signal.
window_size : int
the length of the window. Must be an odd integer number.
order : int
the order of the polynomial used in the filtering.
Must be less then `window_size` - 1.
deriv: int
the order of the derivative to compute (default = 0 means only smoothing)
Returns
-------
ys : ndarray, shape (N)
the smoothed signal (or it's n-th derivative).
Notes
-----
The Savitzky-Golay is a type of low-pass filter, particularly
suited for smoothing noisy data. The main idea behind this
approach is to make for each point a least-square fit with a
polynomial of high order over a odd-sized window centered at
the point.
Examples
--------
t = np.linspace(-4, 4, 500)
y = np.exp( -t**2 ) + np.random.normal(0, 0.05, t.shape)
ysg = savitzky_golay(y, window_size=31, order=4)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(t, y, label='Noisy signal')
plt.plot(t, np.exp(-t**2), 'k', lw=1.5, label='Original signal')
plt.plot(t, ysg, 'r', label='Filtered signal')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
References
----------
.. [1] A. Savitzky, M. J. E. Golay, Smoothing and Differentiation of
Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures. Analytical
Chemistry, 1964, 36 (8), pp 1627-1639.
.. [2] Numerical Recipes 3rd Edition: The Art of Scientific Computing
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery
Cambridge University Press ISBN-13: 9780521880688
"""
from math import factorial
try:
window_size = np.abs(int(window_size))
order = np.abs(int(order))
except ValueError:
raise ValueError("window_size and order have to be of type int")
if window_size % 2 != 1 or window_size < 1:
raise TypeError("window_size size must be a positive odd number")
if window_size < order + 2:
raise TypeError("window_size is too small for the polynomials order")
order_range = range(order+1)
half_window = (window_size -1) // 2
# precompute coefficients
b = np.mat([[k**i for i in order_range] for k in range(-half_window, half_window+1)])
m = np.linalg.pinv(b).A[deriv] * rate**deriv * factorial(deriv)
# pad the signal at the extremes with
# values taken from the signal itself
firstvals = y[0] - np.abs(y[1:half_window+1][::-1] - y[0])
lastvals = y[-1] + np.abs(y[-half_window-1:-1][::-1] - y[-1])
y = np.concatenate((firstvals, y, lastvals))
return np.convolve( m[::-1], y, mode='valid')
def envelope_EMD(x: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, up_or_down: str="down"):
if(up_or_down not in ("up", "down")):
print("Incorrect argument in envelope")
return (np.array([]), np.array([]))
try:
#Execute EMD on signal
IMF = EMD(spline_kind="cubic")
IMF.extrema_detection = "simple"
all_extrema = IMF.find_extrema(x, y)
if(up_or_down=="down"):
x_minims, y_minims = all_extrema[2], all_extrema[3]
extrem = np.array([x_minims, y_minims])
else:
x_maxims, y_maxims = all_extrema[0], all_extrema[1]
extrem = np.array([x_maxims, y_maxims])
env = IMF.spline_points(x, extrem)
return env[0], env[1]
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return (np.array([]), np.array([]))
class ExampleApp(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, interface.Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
self.save_base_data.clicked.connect(self.set_base_data)
self.import_data.clicked.connect(self.Plot)
def set_base_data(self):
global input_n_ref
global input_l_ref
global input_l_sens
input_n_ref = float(self.input_n_ref.text())
input_l_ref = float(self.input_l_ref.text())
input_l_sens = float(self.input_l_sens.text())
print(input_n_ref ,input_l_ref ,input_l_sens)
def Plot(self):
# self.widget.clear()
points=[]
path = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, r"C:\Users\22960\Desktop", "Выберите папку")
points=defining(path)
print(points)
self.widget.plot(time,points)
def defining(path):
files = [os.path.join(path,data_file) for data_file in sorted(os.listdir(path))]
n1L=[]
shift=[]
global time
time=[]
for i in files:
df= pd.read_csv(i, encoding='cp1251', sep=';')
x = df.iloc[:,0]
pd.to_numeric(x)
x = x.tolist()
x = np.asarray(x)
data = df.iloc[:,1]
pd.to_numeric(data)
data = data.tolist()
data = np.asarray(data)
data = lowpass_filtr(x, data)
data = 10**(data/10)
y_fine=savitzky_golay(data)
envelope_x, envelope_y = envelope_EMD(x, y_fine)
envelope_y=savitzky_golay(envelope_y, window_size=801, order =3)
peak_index = find_max_scipy(envelope_y)
P0=envelope_x[peak_index[0]]
P1=envelope_x[peak_index[1]]
# print (P0, P1)
omega = np.pi*(P0*P1)/(abs(P1-P0))
L2= input_l_ref
L1= input_l_sens
n= input_n_ref
n1=((omega/(2*np.pi))+L1*1000*n)/(L2*1000)
answer = n1
shift.append(P0)
n1L.append(n1)
fname= os.path.basename(i)
derr = dt.strptime(fname, 'spectrum_%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.%f.csv')
derr = derr.strftime('%H:%M:%S')
time.append(derr)
return n1L
def main():
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
window = ExampleApp()
window.show()
app.exec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
基本上，工作数据是两列 csv 格式的数字。
我的接口代码在这里：
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(1272, 641)
MainWindow.setStyleSheet("#centralwidget {\n"
" background-color: rgb(63, 129, 158);\n"
"}\n"
"QPushButton {\n"
" background-color: rgb(255, 253, 253);\n"
" border-radius: 5px;\n"
" padding: 10px 10px;\n"
" color: rgb(55, 107, 113);\n"
"}\n"
"QPushButton:hover {\n"
" color: rgb(45, 97, 100);\n"
" border: 1px solid rgb(55, 107, 113);\n"
" cursor: pointer;\n"
"}\n"
"QLineEdit {\n"
" padding: 5px;\n"
" border-radius:5px;\n"
" color: rgb(55, 107, 113);\n"
"}")
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.gridLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.gridLayout_3.setObjectName("gridLayout_3")
self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
self.formLayout = QtWidgets.QFormLayout()
self.formLayout.setObjectName("formLayout")
self.n_ref = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
font = QtGui.QFont()
font.setPointSize(18)
self.n_ref.setFont(font)
self.n_ref.setObjectName("n_ref")
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.n_ref)
self.input_n_ref = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.input_n_ref.setObjectName("input_n_ref")
self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.input_n_ref)
self.label_ref = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_ref.setObjectName("label_ref")
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_ref)
self.input_l_ref = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.input_l_ref.setObjectName("input_l_ref")
self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.input_l_ref)
self.label_sens = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_sens.setObjectName("label_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_sens)
self.input_l_sens = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
self.input_l_sens.setObjectName("input_l_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.input_l_sens)
self.save_base_data = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.save_base_data.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor))
self.save_base_data.setCheckable(False)
self.save_base_data.setObjectName("save_base_data")
self.formLayout.setWidget(3, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.save_base_data)
spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
self.formLayout.setItem(4, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, spacerItem)
self.import_data = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.import_data.setObjectName("import_data")
self.formLayout.setWidget(5, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.import_data)
self.label_results = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_results.setObjectName("label_results")
self.formLayout.setWidget(6, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.label_results)
self.label_n_sens = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_n_sens.setObjectName("label_n_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(7, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_n_sens)
self.lcd_n_sens = QtWidgets.QLCDNumber(self.centralwidget)
self.lcd_n_sens.setObjectName("lcd_n_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(7, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lcd_n_sens)
self.label_c_sens = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
self.label_c_sens.setObjectName("label_c_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(8, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_c_sens)
self.lcd_c_sens = QtWidgets.QLCDNumber(self.centralwidget)
self.lcd_c_sens.setObjectName("lcd_c_sens")
self.formLayout.setWidget(8, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lcd_c_sens)
self.gridLayout_2.addLayout(self.formLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
self.gridLayout_3.addLayout(self.gridLayout_2, 0, 0, 1, 1)
self.widget = PlotWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.widget.setObjectName("widget")
self.gridLayout_3.addWidget(self.widget, 0, 1, 1, 1)
self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Ignored, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum)
sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(20)
sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(20)
sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.pushButton.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
self.pushButton.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
self.gridLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton, 1, 1, 1, 1)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.n_ref.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">n</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\"> сравнение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.label_ref.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">L</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\">сравнение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.label_ref.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">L</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\">сравнение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">, </span><span style=\" font-size:18pt;\">мкм</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.label_sens.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">L</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\">измерение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">, </span><span style=\" font-size:18pt;\">мкм</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.save_base_data.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Записать данные"))
self.import_data.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Импорт данных эксперимента"))
self.label_results.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">Результаты измерений</span></p></body></html>"))
self.label_n_sens.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">n</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\">измерение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.label_c_sens.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">C</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt; vertical-align:sub;\">измерение</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">, </span><span style=\" font-size:18pt;\">%</span><span style=\" font-size:18pt; vertical-align:sub;\">масс</span><span style=\" font-size:20pt;\">:</span></p></body></html>"))
self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "PushButton"))
from pyqtgraph import PlotWidget
我真的不知道如何解决这个问题。
您的 CSV 中可能有非数字值。请确保您的 CSV 格式正确。
另一个问题是在
pd.to_numeric(xx = pd.to_numeric(x)defining您可能还想将 None 值删除
x = x.dropna()如果这些步骤没有帮助，请更新您的问题。