如何检查两个格式字符串是否兼容?

问题描述 投票:39回答:2

例子:

"Something %d"        and "Something else %d"       // Compatible
"Something %d"        and "Something else %f"       // Not Compatible
"Something %d"        and "Something %d else %d"    // Not Compatible
"Something %d and %f" and "Something %2$f and %1$d" // Compatible

我认为应该有一些C功能,但我没有得到任何相关的搜索结果。我的意思是编译器正在检查格式字符串和参数是否匹配,因此已经编写了用于检查它的代码。唯一的问题是我怎么称呼它。

我正在使用Objective-C,所以如果有一个Objective-C特定的解决方案也没关系。

objective-c c printf compatibility format-string
2个回答
9
投票

检查2个printf()格式字符串是否兼容是格式解析的练习。

C,至少没有标准的运行时比较功能,例如:

int format_cmp(const char *f1, const char *f2); // Does not exist

"%d %f""%i %e"这样的格式显然是兼容的,因为它们都期望intfloat/double。注意:float被提升为double,因为shortsigned char被提升为int

形式"%*.*f""%i %d %e"是兼容的,但并不明显:两者都期待intintfloat/double

形式"%hhd""%d"都期待一个int,即使第一个将在打印前将其值转换为signed char

格式"%d""%u"不兼容。即使许多系统都表现得像希望的那样。注意:通常char将推广到int

格式"%d""%ld"不是严格兼容的。在32位系统上有相同的,但不是一般的。当然可以改变代码以适应这种情况。由于"%lf""%f"的通常推论,OTOH floatdouble是兼容的。

格式"%lu""zu"可能兼容,但这取决于unsigned longsize_t的实现。对代码的添加可以允许这种或相关的等价。

修饰符和说明符的某些组合未定义为"zp"。以下不会禁止这种深奥的组合 - 但会比较它们。

"$"这样的修饰符是标准C的扩展,并未在下面实现。

printf()的兼容性测试与scanf()不同。

#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef enum {
  type_none,
  type_int,
  type_unsigned,
  type_float,
  type_charpointer,
  type_voidpointer,
  type_intpointer,
  type_unknown,
  type_type_N = 0xFFFFFF
} type_type;

typedef struct {
  const char *format;
  int int_queue;
  type_type type;
} format_T;

static void format_init(format_T *state, const char *format);
static type_type format_get(format_T *state);
static void format_next(format_T *state);

void format_init(format_T *state, const char *format) {
  state->format = format;
  state->int_queue = 0;
  state->type = type_none;
  format_next(state);
}

type_type format_get(format_T *state) {
  if (state->int_queue > 0) {
    return type_int;
  }
  return state->type;
}

const char *seek_flag(const char *format) {
  while (strchr("-+ #0", *format) != NULL)
    format++;
  return format;
}

const char *seek_width(const char *format, int *int_queue) {
  *int_queue = 0;
  if (*format == '*') {
    format++;
    (*int_queue)++;
  } else {
    while (isdigit((unsigned char ) *format))
      format++;
  }
  if (*format == '.') {
    if (*format == '*') {
      format++;
      (*int_queue)++;
    } else {
      while (isdigit((unsigned char ) *format))
        format++;
    }
  }
  return format;
}

const char *seek_mod(const char *format, int *mod) {
  *mod = 0;
  if (format[0] == 'h' && format[1] == 'h') {
    format += 2;
  } else if (format[0] == 'l' && format[1] == 'l') {
    *mod = ('l' << CHAR_BIT) + 'l';
    format += 2;
  } else if (strchr("ljztL", *format)) {
    *mod = *format;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("h", *format)) {
    format++;
  }
  return format;
}

const char *seek_specifier(const char *format, int mod, type_type *type) {
  if (strchr("di", *format)) {
    *type = type_int;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("ouxX", *format)) {
    *type = type_unsigned;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("fFeEgGaA", *format)) {
    if (mod == 'l') mod = 0;
    *type = type_float;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("c", *format)) {
    *type = type_int;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("s", *format)) {
    *type = type_charpointer;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("p", *format)) {
    *type = type_voidpointer;
    format++;
  } else if (strchr("n", *format)) {
    *type = type_intpointer;
    format++;
  } else {
    *type = type_unknown;
    exit(1);
  }
  *type |= mod << CHAR_BIT; // Bring in modifier
  return format;
}

void format_next(format_T *state) {
  if (state->int_queue > 0) {
    state->int_queue--;
    return;
  }
  while (*state->format) {
    if (state->format[0] == '%') {
      state->format++;
      if (state->format[0] == '%') {
        state->format++;
        continue;
      }
      state->format = seek_flag(state->format);
      state->format = seek_width(state->format, &state->int_queue);
      int mod;
      state->format = seek_mod(state->format, &mod);
      state->format = seek_specifier(state->format, mod, &state->type);
      return;
    } else {
      state->format++;
    }
  }
  state->type = type_none;
}

// 0 Compatible
// 1 Not Compatible
// 2 Not Comparable
int format_cmp(const char *f1, const char *f2) {
  format_T state1;
  format_init(&state1, f1);
  format_T state2;
  format_init(&state2, f2);
  while (format_get(&state1) == format_get(&state2)) {
    if (format_get(&state1) == type_none)
      return 0;
    if (format_get(&state1) == type_unknown)
      return 2;
    format_next(&state1);
    format_next(&state2);
  }
  if (format_get(&state1) == type_unknown)
    return 2;
  if (format_get(&state2) == type_unknown)
    return 2;
  return 1;
}

注意:只进行了最少的测试。可以添加许多其他考虑因素。

已知的缺点:hh,h,l,ll,j,z,t修饰符与nls,c

[编辑]

OP对安全问题的评论。这改变了帖子的性质以及从平等和安全性的比较。我想象其中一个模式(A)将是一个参考模式,下一个(B)将是测试。测试将是“B至少和A一样安全吗?”。例如A = "%.20s"B1 = "%.19s"B2 = "%.20s"B3 = "%.21s"B1B2都通过了安全测试,因为他们没有提取更多20 charB3是一个问题,因为它超过了20 char的参考限制。此外,任何使用%s %[ %c限定的非宽度都是一个安全问题 - 在参考或测试模式中。这个答案的代码没有解决这个问题。

如前所述,代码尚未处理"%n"的修饰符。

[2018编辑]

关于“格式"%d""%u"不兼容。”:这是为了一般打印的值。对于[0..INT_MAX]范围内的值,任何格式都可以按照C11dr§6.5.2.2进行操作6。


-1
投票

我对你想要的东西的理解是,你基本上想要一个方法,它可以查看两个字符串并检测它们是否都具有相同类型的值。或者那些长长的那些线......如果是这样的话,那么试试这个(或者类似的东西):

-(int)checkCompatible:(NSString *)string_1 :(NSString *)string_2 {

    // Separate the string into single elements.
    NSArray *stringArray_1 = [string_1 componentsSeparatedByString:@" "];
    NSArray *stringArray_2 = [string_2 componentsSeparatedByString:@" "];

    // Store only the numbers for comparison in a new array.
    NSMutableArray *numbers_1 = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSMutableArray *numbers_2 = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    // Make sure the for loop below, runs for the appropriate
    // number of cycles depending on which array is bigger.
    int loopMax = 0;

    if ([stringArray_1 count] > [stringArray_2 count]) {
        loopMax = (int)[stringArray_1 count];
    } 

    else {
        loopMax = (int)[stringArray_2 count];
    }

    // Now go through the stringArray's and store only the 
    // numbers in the mutable array's. This will be used 
    // during the comparison stage.
    for (int loop = 0; loop < loopMax; loop++) {

        NSCharacterSet *notDigits = [[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] invertedSet];

        if (loop < [stringArray_1 count]) {

            if ([[stringArray_1 objectAtindex:loop] rangeOfCharacterFromSet:notDigits].location == NSNotFound) {
                // String consists only of the digits 0 through 9.
                [numbers_1 addObject:[stringArray_1 objectAtindex:loop]];
            }
        }

        if (loop < [stringArray_2 count]) {

            if ([[stringArray_2 objectAtindex:loop] rangeOfCharacterFromSet:notDigits].location == NSNotFound) {
                // String consists only of the digits 0 through 9.
                [numbers_2 addObject:[stringArray_2 objectAtindex:loop]];
            }
        }
    }

    // Now look through the mutable array's
    // and perform the type comparison,.

    if ([numbers_1 count] != [numbers_2 count]) {

        // One of the two strings has more numbers 
        // than the other, so they are NOT compatible.
        return 1;
    }

    else {

        // Both string have the same number of  numbers
        // numbers so lets go through them to make 
        // sure the  numbers are of the same type.
        for (int loop = 0; loop < [numbers_1 count]; loop++) {

            // Check to see if the number in the current array index
            // is a float or an integer. All the numbers in the array have
            // to be the SAME type, in order for the strings to be compatible.
            BOOL check_float_1 = [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[numbers_1 objectAtindex:loop]] scanFloat:nil];
            BOOL check_int_1 = [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[numbers_1 objectAtindex:loop]] scanInt:nil];
            BOOL check_float_2 = [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[numbers_2 objectAtindex:loop]] scanFloat:nil];
            BOOL check_int_2 = [[NSScanner scannerWithString:[numbers_2 objectAtindex:loop]] scanInt:nil];

            if (check_float_1 == YES) {

                if (check_float_2 == NO) {
                    return 1;
                }
            }

            else if (check_int_1 == YES) {

                if (check_int_2 == NO) {
                    return 1;
                }
            }

            else {
                // Error of some sort......
                return 1;
            }
        }

        // All the numbers in the strings are of the same
        // type (otherwise we would NOT have reached
        // this point). Therefore the strings are compatible.
        return 0;
      }
}
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