如何在Unix上将相对路径转换为C中的绝对路径?这有一个方便的系统功能吗?
在Windows上有一个GetFullPathName
函数可以完成这项工作,但我在Unix上找不到类似的东西......
使用realpath()。
realpath()
函数应从file_name
指向的路径名派生出一个名称相同文件的绝对路径名,其分辨率不涉及'.
','..
'或符号链接。生成的路径名应存储为以空字符结尾的字符串,最多为{PATH_MAX}
指向的缓冲区中的resolved_name
字节。如果
resolved_name
是空指针,则realpath()
的行为是实现定义的。
以下示例为symlinkpath参数标识的文件生成绝对路径名。生成的路径名存储在actualpath数组中。
#include <stdlib.h>
...
char *symlinkpath = "/tmp/symlink/file";
char actualpath [PATH_MAX+1];
char *ptr;
ptr = realpath(symlinkpath, actualpath);
在realpath()
尝试stdlib.h
char filename[] = "../../../../data/000000.jpg";
char* path = realpath(filename, NULL);
if(path == NULL){
printf("cannot find file with name[%s]\n", filename);
} else{
printf("path[%s]\n", path);
free(path);
}
也试试“getcwd”
#include <unistd.h>
char cwd[100000];
getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd));
std::cout << "Absolute path: "<< cwd << "/" << __FILE__ << std::endl;
结果:
Absolute path: /media/setivolkylany/WorkDisk/Programming/Sources/MichailFlenov/main.cpp
测试环境:
setivolkylany@localhost$/ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 8.6 (jessie)
Release: 8.6
Codename: jessie
setivolkylany@localhost$/ uname -a
Linux localhost 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.36-1+deb8u2 (2016-10-19) x86_64 GNU/Linux
setivolkylany@localhost$/ g++ --version
g++ (Debian 4.9.2-10) 4.9.2
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
还有一个小型路径库cwalk,它可以跨平台工作。它有cwk_path_get_absolute这样做:
#include <cwalk.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buffer[FILENAME_MAX];
cwk_path_get_absolute("/hello/there", "./world", buffer, sizeof(buffer));
printf("The absolute path is: %s", buffer);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出:
The absolute path is: /hello/there/world