在 JUnit 5 中,如何在所有测试之前运行代码

问题描述 投票:0回答:7

@BeforeAll
注释标记了在中的所有测试之前运行的方法。

http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#writing-tests-annotations

但是有没有办法在所有类中的all测试之前运行一些代码?

我想确保测试使用一组特定的数据库连接,并且这些连接的全局一次性设置必须在运行任何测试之前进行。

java junit junit5
7个回答
170
投票

现在可以通过创建自定义扩展在 JUnit5 中实现这一点,您可以在根测试上下文上注册关闭挂钩。

你的扩展看起来像这样;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;

public class YourExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {

    private static boolean started = false;

    @Override
    public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) {
        if (!started) {
            started = true;
            // Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here
            // The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is shut down
            context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        // Your "after all tests" logic goes here
    }
}

然后,任何需要至少执行一次的测试类都可以用以下注释:

@ExtendWith({YourExtension.class})

当您在多个类上使用此扩展时,启动和关闭逻辑只会被调用一次。


35
投票

@Philipp Gayret已经提供的答案在parallel(即

junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
)中测试JUnit时存在一些问题。

因此我将解决方案调整为:

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;

public class BeforeAllTestsExtension extends BasicTestClass
        implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {

    /** Gate keeper to prevent multiple Threads within the same routine */
    private static final Lock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
    /** volatile boolean to tell other threads, when unblocked, whether they should try attempt start-up.  Alternatively, could use AtomicBoolean. */
    private static volatile boolean started = false;
    
    @Override
    public void beforeAll(final ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
        // lock the access so only one Thread has access to it
        LOCK.lock();
        try {
            if (!started) {
                started = true;
                // Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here
                // The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is
                // shut down
                context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);

                // do your work - which might take some time - 
                // or just uses more time than the simple check of a boolean
            }
        } finally {
            // free the access
            LOCK.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        // Your "after all tests" logic goes here
    }
}

如下所述,JUnit5 提供了自动的扩展注册。为此,请在

src/test/resources/
中添加一个名为
/META-INF/services
的目录,并添加名为
org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.Extension
的文件。将您班级的完全分类名称添加到此文件中,例如

at.myPackage.BeforeAllTestsExtension

接下来在同一个 Junit 配置文件中启用

junit.jupiter.extensions.autodetection.enabled=true

这样,扩展程序就会自动附加到您的所有测试中。


7
投票

扩展@Philipp的建议,这里有一个更完整的代码片段:

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;    
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;

public abstract class BaseSetupExtension
    implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {

  @Override
  public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
    // We need to use a unique key here, across all usages of this particular extension.
    String uniqueKey = this.getClass().getName();
    Object value = context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).get(uniqueKey);
    if (value == null) {
      // First test container invocation.
      context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put(uniqueKey, this);
      setup();
    }
  }

  // Callback that is invoked <em>exactly once</em> 
  // before the start of <em>all</em> test containers.
  abstract void setup();

  // Callback that is invoked <em>exactly once</em> 
  // after the end of <em>all</em> test containers.
  // Inherited from {@code CloseableResource}
  public abstract void close() throws Throwable;
}

使用方法:

public class DemoSetupExtension extends BaseSetupExtension {
  @Override
  void setup() {}

  @Override
  public void close() throws Throwable {}
}  

@ExtendWith(DemoSetupExtension.class)
public class TestOne {
   @BeforeAll
   public void beforeAllTestOne { ... }

   @Test
   public void testOne { ... }
}

@ExtendWith(DemoSetupExtension.class)
public class TestTwo {
   @BeforeAll
   public void beforeAllTestTwo { ... }

   @Test
   public void testTwo { ... }
}

测试执行顺序为:

  DemoSetupExtension.setup (*)
  TestOne.beforeAllTestOne
  TestOne.testOne
  TestOne.afterAllTestOne
  TestTwo.beforeAllTestTwo
  TestTwo.testTwo
  TestTwo.afterAllTestTwo
  DemoSetupExtension.close (*)

...无论您是否选择运行单个@Test(例如 TestOne.testOne),或整个测试类(TestOne),或多个/所有测试。


2
投票

我不知道这样做的方法。

我只是确保 @BeforeAll 的所有代码都调用某个单例以使 init 工作(可能以一种懒惰的方式避免重复)。

可能不方便...我看到的唯一其他选项:我假设您的测试在特定的 JVM 作业中运行。您可以将一个agent挂接到该JVM运行中,这样init就可以为您工作了。

除此之外:这两个建议对我来说听起来都像是黑客。我眼中的“真实”答案是:退后一步,仔细检查您的环境的依赖关系。然后找到一种方法来“准备”您的环境,以便您的测试出现并且“正确的事情”自动发生。换句话说:考虑研究一下给你带来这个问题的架构。 上面的建议对我来说


2
投票

添加到您的 Base 抽象类(我的意思是您在 setUpDriver() 方法中初始化驱动程序的抽象类)这部分代码:

private static boolean started = false; static{ if (!started) { started = true; try { setUpDriver(); //method where you initialize your driver } catch (MalformedURLException e) { } } } 现在,如果您的测试类将从 Base 抽象类

扩展
 -> 
setUpDriver()

方法将在第一个 @Test 之前执行,每个项目运行仅ONE一次。 这是我对

@Phillip Gayret

1
投票
@Mihnea Giurgea

的脚步。 我的子问题:如何访问共享单例资源?

(也许您也想知道这个......) 侧边栏:

在我的实验过程中,我发现使用多个@ExtendWith(...)似乎可以正确嵌套。即便如此,我记得在我摸索的过程中,它在某些时候并没有以这种方式工作,所以你应该确保你的用例正常工作[原文如此]。


因为您可能很匆忙,首先是甜点:这是运行“文件夹内的所有测试”的输出:

NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource) Singleton::Start-Once Base::beforeAll Colors::blue - resource=Something nice to share! Colors::gold - resource=Something nice to share! Base::afterAll Base::beforeAll Numbers::one - resource=Something nice to share! Numbers::tre - resource=Something nice to share! Numbers::two - resource=Something nice to share! Base::afterAll Singleton::Finish-Once NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource) 当然,仅运行一个测试类即可:

NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)
Singleton::Start-Once
Base::beforeAll
Numbers::one - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::tre - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::two - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Singleton::Finish-Once
NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)

以及现在可以预期的具体测试:

NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)
Singleton::Start-Once
Base::beforeAll
Colors::gold - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Singleton::Finish-Once
NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)

还在我身边吗?然后你可能会喜欢看到实际的代码...

======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Base.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;

@ExtendWith({Singleton.class})
public abstract class Base extends BaseNestedSingleton
{
    @BeforeAll public static void beforeAll() { System.out.println("Base::beforeAll"); }
    @AfterAll  public static void afterAll () { System.out.println("Base::afterAll" ); }
}

======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Colors.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class Colors extends Base
{
    @Test public void blue() { System.out.println("Colors::blue - resource=" + getResource()); }
    @Test public void gold() { System.out.println("Colors::gold - resource=" + getResource()); }
}

======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Numbers.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class Numbers extends Base
{
   @Test public void one() { System.out.println("Numbers::one - resource=" + getResource()); }
   @Test public void two() { System.out.println("Numbers::two - resource=" + getResource()); }
   @Test public void tre() { System.out.println("Numbers::tre - resource=" + getResource()); }
}

======================================================
junitsingletonresource/BaseNestedSingleton.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;

/**
 * My riff on Phillip Gayret's solution from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/51556718/5957643
 */
@ExtendWith({BaseNestedSingleton.NestedSingleton.class})
public abstract class BaseNestedSingleton
{
    protected String getResource() { return NestedSingleton.getResource(); }

    static /*pkg*/ class NestedSingleton implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource
    {
        private static boolean initialized = false;
        private static String  resource    = "Tests should never see this value (e.g. could be null)";

        private static String getResource() { return resource; }

        @Override
        public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context)
        {
            if (!initialized) {
                initialized = true;

                // The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is shut down

                context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put(this.getClass().getCanonicalName(), this);

                // Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here, e.g. making connections,
                // loading in-memory DB, waiting for external resources to "warm up", etc.

                System.out.println("NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)");
                resource    = "Something nice to share!";
           }
        }

        @Override
        public void close() {
            if (!initialized) { throw new RuntimeException("Oops - this should never happen"); }

            // Cleanup the resource if needed, e.g. flush files, gracefully end connections, bury any corpses, etc.

            System.out.println("NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)");
            resource = null;
        }
    }
}

======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Singleton.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;

/**
 * This is pretty much what Phillip Gayret provided, but with some printing for traceability
 */
public class Singleton implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource
{
    private static boolean started = false;

    @Override
    public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context)
    {
        if (!started) {
            started = true;
            System.out.println("Singleton::Start-Once");
            context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close() { System.out.println("Singleton::Finish-Once"); }
}

虽然有点晚了,但实现 LauncherSessionListener 就可以做到这一点。看看这个:
https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#launcher-api-launcher-session-listeners-custom

© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.