@BeforeAll
注释标记了在类中的所有测试之前运行的方法。
http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#writing-tests-annotations
但是有没有办法在所有类中的all测试之前运行一些代码?
我想确保测试使用一组特定的数据库连接,并且这些连接的全局一次性设置必须在运行任何测试之前进行。
现在可以通过创建自定义扩展在 JUnit5 中实现这一点,您可以在根测试上下文上注册关闭挂钩。
你的扩展看起来像这样;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;
public class YourExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {
private static boolean started = false;
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) {
if (!started) {
started = true;
// Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here
// The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is shut down
context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);
}
}
@Override
public void close() {
// Your "after all tests" logic goes here
}
}
然后,任何需要至少执行一次的测试类都可以用以下注释:
@ExtendWith({YourExtension.class})
当您在多个类上使用此扩展时,启动和关闭逻辑只会被调用一次。
@Philipp Gayret已经提供的答案在parallel(即
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
)中测试JUnit时存在一些问题。
因此我将解决方案调整为:
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
public class BeforeAllTestsExtension extends BasicTestClass
implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {
/** Gate keeper to prevent multiple Threads within the same routine */
private static final Lock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
/** volatile boolean to tell other threads, when unblocked, whether they should try attempt start-up. Alternatively, could use AtomicBoolean. */
private static volatile boolean started = false;
@Override
public void beforeAll(final ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
// lock the access so only one Thread has access to it
LOCK.lock();
try {
if (!started) {
started = true;
// Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here
// The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is
// shut down
context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);
// do your work - which might take some time -
// or just uses more time than the simple check of a boolean
}
} finally {
// free the access
LOCK.unlock();
}
}
@Override
public void close() {
// Your "after all tests" logic goes here
}
}
如下所述,JUnit5 提供了自动的扩展注册。为此,请在
src/test/resources/
中添加一个名为 /META-INF/services
的目录,并添加名为 org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.Extension
的文件。将您班级的完全分类名称添加到此文件中,例如
at.myPackage.BeforeAllTestsExtension
接下来在同一个 Junit 配置文件中启用
junit.jupiter.extensions.autodetection.enabled=true
这样,扩展程序就会自动附加到您的所有测试中。
扩展@Philipp的建议,这里有一个更完整的代码片段:
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
public abstract class BaseSetupExtension
implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource {
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) throws Exception {
// We need to use a unique key here, across all usages of this particular extension.
String uniqueKey = this.getClass().getName();
Object value = context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).get(uniqueKey);
if (value == null) {
// First test container invocation.
context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put(uniqueKey, this);
setup();
}
}
// Callback that is invoked <em>exactly once</em>
// before the start of <em>all</em> test containers.
abstract void setup();
// Callback that is invoked <em>exactly once</em>
// after the end of <em>all</em> test containers.
// Inherited from {@code CloseableResource}
public abstract void close() throws Throwable;
}
使用方法:
public class DemoSetupExtension extends BaseSetupExtension {
@Override
void setup() {}
@Override
public void close() throws Throwable {}
}
@ExtendWith(DemoSetupExtension.class)
public class TestOne {
@BeforeAll
public void beforeAllTestOne { ... }
@Test
public void testOne { ... }
}
@ExtendWith(DemoSetupExtension.class)
public class TestTwo {
@BeforeAll
public void beforeAllTestTwo { ... }
@Test
public void testTwo { ... }
}
测试执行顺序为:
DemoSetupExtension.setup (*)
TestOne.beforeAllTestOne
TestOne.testOne
TestOne.afterAllTestOne
TestTwo.beforeAllTestTwo
TestTwo.testTwo
TestTwo.afterAllTestTwo
DemoSetupExtension.close (*)
...无论您是否选择运行单个@Test(例如 TestOne.testOne),或整个测试类(TestOne),或多个/所有测试。
我不知道这样做的方法。
我只是确保 @BeforeAll 的所有代码都调用某个单例以使 init 工作(可能以一种懒惰的方式避免重复)。
可能不方便...我看到的唯一其他选项:我假设您的测试在特定的 JVM 作业中运行。您可以将一个agent挂接到该JVM运行中,这样init就可以为您工作了。
除此之外:这两个建议对我来说听起来都像是黑客。我眼中的“真实”答案是:退后一步,仔细检查您的环境的依赖关系。然后找到一种方法来“准备”您的环境,以便您的测试出现并且“正确的事情”自动发生。换句话说:考虑研究一下给你带来这个问题的架构。 上面的建议对我来说
不添加到您的 Base 抽象类(我的意思是您在 setUpDriver() 方法中初始化驱动程序的抽象类)这部分代码:
private static boolean started = false;
static{
if (!started) {
started = true;
try {
setUpDriver(); //method where you initialize your driver
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
}
}
}
现在,如果您的测试类将从 Base 抽象类
->setUpDriver()
方法将在第一个 @Test 之前执行,每个项目运行仅ONE一次。 这是我对
@Phillip Gayret(也许您也想知道这个......) 侧边栏:
在我的实验过程中,我发现使用多个@ExtendWith(...)
似乎可以正确嵌套。即便如此,我记得在我摸索的过程中,它在某些时候并没有以这种方式工作,所以你应该确保你的用例正常工作[原文如此]。
NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)
Singleton::Start-Once
Base::beforeAll
Colors::blue - resource=Something nice to share!
Colors::gold - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Base::beforeAll
Numbers::one - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::tre - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::two - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Singleton::Finish-Once
NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)
当然,仅运行一个测试类即可:
NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)
Singleton::Start-Once
Base::beforeAll
Numbers::one - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::tre - resource=Something nice to share!
Numbers::two - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Singleton::Finish-Once
NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)
以及现在可以预期的具体测试:
NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)
Singleton::Start-Once
Base::beforeAll
Colors::gold - resource=Something nice to share!
Base::afterAll
Singleton::Finish-Once
NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)
还在我身边吗?然后你可能会喜欢看到实际的代码...
======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Base.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
@ExtendWith({Singleton.class})
public abstract class Base extends BaseNestedSingleton
{
@BeforeAll public static void beforeAll() { System.out.println("Base::beforeAll"); }
@AfterAll public static void afterAll () { System.out.println("Base::afterAll" ); }
}
======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Colors.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class Colors extends Base
{
@Test public void blue() { System.out.println("Colors::blue - resource=" + getResource()); }
@Test public void gold() { System.out.println("Colors::gold - resource=" + getResource()); }
}
======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Numbers.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class Numbers extends Base
{
@Test public void one() { System.out.println("Numbers::one - resource=" + getResource()); }
@Test public void two() { System.out.println("Numbers::two - resource=" + getResource()); }
@Test public void tre() { System.out.println("Numbers::tre - resource=" + getResource()); }
}
======================================================
junitsingletonresource/BaseNestedSingleton.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;
/**
* My riff on Phillip Gayret's solution from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/51556718/5957643
*/
@ExtendWith({BaseNestedSingleton.NestedSingleton.class})
public abstract class BaseNestedSingleton
{
protected String getResource() { return NestedSingleton.getResource(); }
static /*pkg*/ class NestedSingleton implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource
{
private static boolean initialized = false;
private static String resource = "Tests should never see this value (e.g. could be null)";
private static String getResource() { return resource; }
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context)
{
if (!initialized) {
initialized = true;
// The following line registers a callback hook when the root test context is shut down
context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put(this.getClass().getCanonicalName(), this);
// Your "before all tests" startup logic goes here, e.g. making connections,
// loading in-memory DB, waiting for external resources to "warm up", etc.
System.out.println("NestedSingleton::beforeAll (setting resource)");
resource = "Something nice to share!";
}
}
@Override
public void close() {
if (!initialized) { throw new RuntimeException("Oops - this should never happen"); }
// Cleanup the resource if needed, e.g. flush files, gracefully end connections, bury any corpses, etc.
System.out.println("NestedSingleton::close (clearing resource)");
resource = null;
}
}
}
======================================================
junitsingletonresource/Singleton.java
======================================================
package junitsingletonresource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext.Namespace.GLOBAL;
/**
* This is pretty much what Phillip Gayret provided, but with some printing for traceability
*/
public class Singleton implements BeforeAllCallback, ExtensionContext.Store.CloseableResource
{
private static boolean started = false;
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context)
{
if (!started) {
started = true;
System.out.println("Singleton::Start-Once");
context.getRoot().getStore(GLOBAL).put("any unique name", this);
}
}
@Override
public void close() { System.out.println("Singleton::Finish-Once"); }
}
虽然有点晚了,但实现 LauncherSessionListener 就可以做到这一点。看看这个:https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#launcher-api-launcher-session-listeners-custom
LauncherSessionListener 非常适合实现每个 JVM 一次的设置/拆卸行为,因为它分别在启动器会话中的第一个测试之前和最后一个测试之后调用。
提供的示例与您想要在设置中实现的目标相关。