Rails无法加载shoulda-matchers 3.1.1 gem，undefined方法`allow_value'代表＃

Question

运行rspec测试时，'shoulda-matchers'的gem没有加载。

错误：NoMethodError: undefined method 'allow_value' for #<RSpec::ExampleGroups::Contact::ActiveModelValidationss:0x007fef1021b310>

正在使用的版本：Ruby 2.2.2 Rails 4.2.1 shoulda-matchers 3.1.1

的Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
gem 'sqlite3'
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
gem 'jquery-rails'
gem 'turbolinks'
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

group :development, :test do
  gem 'byebug'
  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.0'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1'
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'rubocop', require: false
end

rails_helper.rb：

ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?
require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'

ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!

  Shoulda::Matchers.configure do |config|
    config.integrate do |with|
      with.test_framework :rspec
      with.library :active_record
      with.library :rails
    end
  end
end

spec_helper.rb：

RSpec.configure do |config|
  require 'factory_girl_rails'
  require 'shoulda/matchers'
  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
  end
  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
  end
end

contact_spec.rb：

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do

  FactoryGirl.define do
    factory :contact do
      first_name "Alice"
      last_name  "Bob"
      email_address "[email protected]"
      phone_number "555-555-5555"
      company_name "ExampleCompany"
    end
  end

  it "has a valid factory" do
    expect(build(:contact)).to be_valid
  end

  describe "ActiveModel validations" do
    it { expect(:contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }
  end
end

对不起，所有的代码。请注意我使用的是shoulda-matcher版本3.1.1，并且不再需要将'require：false`添加到gemfile中，如此处所示https://robots.thoughtbot.com/shoulda-matchers-3-0

我也尝试在Gemfile中将shoulda-matchers添加到自己的测试环境中，但是没有发现任何变化

group :test do
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1'
end

我已经在线查看，并发现类似的问题解决方案在我的情况下不起作用。任何帮助或建议都会很棒！

Answer 1

在我的情况下，问题是测试类不是ActiveRecord项目，所以shoulda默认情况下没有加载allow_value等方法。

解决方案是在type: :model文件中添加_spec.rb：

RSpec.describe MyTestedClass, type: :model do
  ...
end

Answer 2

应该让你再次变绿的修复方法是改变：

it { expect(:contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }

至

it { expect(build(:contact)).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }

以与第一次测试相同的方式，因为您的第二个测试期望符号:contact到allow_value，而不是您工厂中创建的对象。

此外，我建议将您的工厂定义移动到spec/factories/contact.rb下的自己的文件中，而不是在您的规范中内联，并在let方法中记住联系对象，因此您的规范如下所示：

require 'spec_helper'

describe Contact do
  let(:contact) { build(:contact) }

  it "has a valid factory" do
    expect(contact).to be_valid
  end

  describe "ActiveModel validations" do
    it { expect(contact).to allow_value("[email protected]").for(:email_address) }
  end
end