为CppProperties.json或CMakeSettings.json中的配置指定共享/'公共'值

Question

使用Visual Studio的“打开文件夹”功能时，IDE将在特殊的json文件中搜索项目设置和配置。对于CPP项目，这可能是CppProperties.json。对于CMake项目，这可能是CMakeSettings.json。

此json文件包含一个或多个“配置”的集合，例如“Debug”或“Release”。我将使用最近的CMake项目作为示例：

"configurations": [
    {
      "name": "ARM-Debug",
      "generator": "Ninja",
      "configurationType": "Debug",
      "inheritEnvironments": [
        "gcc-arm"
      ],
      "buildRoot": "${env.USERPROFILE}\\CMakeBuilds\\${workspaceHash}\\build\\${name}",
      "installRoot": "${env.USERPROFILE}\\CMakeBuilds\\${workspaceHash}\\install\\${name}",
      "cmakeCommandArgs": "",
      "buildCommandArgs": "-v",
      "ctestCommandArgs": "",
      "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm",
      "variables": [
        {
          "name": "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE",
          "value": "${workspaceRoot}/cmake/arm-none-eabi-toolchain.cmake"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "ARM-Release",
      "generator": "Ninja",
      "configurationType": "Release",
      "inheritEnvironments": [
        "gcc-arm"
      ],
      "buildRoot": "${env.USERPROFILE}\\CMakeBuilds\\${workspaceHash}\\build\\${name}",
      "installRoot": "${env.USERPROFILE}\\CMakeBuilds\\${workspaceHash}\\install\\${name}",
      "cmakeCommandArgs": "",
      "buildCommandArgs": "-v",
      "ctestCommandArgs": "",
      "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm",
      "variables": [
        {
          "name": "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE",
          "value": "${workspaceRoot}/cmake/arm-none-eabi-toolchain.cmake"
        }
      ]
    }

如您所见，我有两个具有几乎相同属性的配置。

我的问题：是否可以一次定义这些公共/共享属性，以便允许配置继承它们并避免重复自己？

Answer 1

更简单的方法是在全局级别（在任何配置之外）定义环境，例如：

{
  "environments": [
    {
      "namespace" : "env",
      "varName": "varValue"
    }
  ],

然后你可以在任何需要的地方重复使用，例如：

  "cmakeCommandArgs": "${env.varName}",

您还可以拥有多个环境，并重复使用它们，如下所示：

{
  "environments": [
    {
      "environment": "env1",
      "namespace": "env",
      "varName": "varValueEnv1"
    },
    {
      "environment": "env2",
      "namespace": "env",
      "varName": "varValueEnv2"
    }

  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "x64-Release",
      "inheritEnvironments": [
        "msvc_x64_x64", "env2"
      ],
      "cmakeCommandArgs": "${env.varName}",
.....
    }
  ]

'x64-Release'将在名为“env2”的环境中继承变量的值（命名空间'env'）