Google API，未定义名称io

Question

所以，通过遵循google drive API文档，我试图创建一个程序，该程序将在google driver上所有保存的电子表格中查找并下载。

问题是我一直没有得到名字'io'的定义

from __future__ import print_function
import pickle
import os.path
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow
from google.auth.transport.requests import Request

# If modifying these scopes, delete the file token.pickle.
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly']

def main():
    """Shows basic usage of the Drive v3 API.
    Prints the names and ids of the first 10 files the user has access to.
    """
    creds = None
    # The file token.pickle stores the user's access and refresh tokens, and is
    # created automatically when the authorization flow completes for the first
    # time.
    if os.path.exists('token.pickle'):
        with open('token.pickle', 'rb') as token:
            creds = pickle.load(token)
    # If there are no (valid) credentials available, let the user log in.
    if not creds or not creds.valid:
        if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:
            creds.refresh(Request())
        else:
            flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
                'credentials.json', SCOPES)
            creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)
        # Save the credentials for the next run
        with open('token.pickle', 'wb') as token:
            pickle.dump(creds, token)

    service = build('drive', 'v3', credentials=creds)

    # Call the Drive v3 API
    results = service.files().list(
        pageSize=10, fields="nextPageToken, files(id, name)").execute()
    items = results.get('files', [])

    if not items:
        print('No files found.')
    else:
        print('Files:')
        for item in items:
            print(u'{0} ({1})'.format(item['name'], item['id']))
            file_id = item['id']
            request = service.files().export_media(fileId=file_id,
                                                        mimeType='application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet')
            fh = io.BytesIO()
            downloader = MediaIoBaseDownload(fh, request)
            done = False
            while done is False:
                status, done = downloader.next_chunk()
                print ("Download %d%%." % int(status.progress() * 100))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

所以...我在做什么错？

Answer 1

• 您想使用带有python的google-api-python-client将Google Spreadsheet下载为XLSX文件。

如果我的理解是正确的，那么这个答案怎么样？请认为这只是几个答案之一。

我认为从您的错误消息中可以发现，授权过程已完成，token.pickle已创建且service.files().list()有效。在这个答案中，我想是这样。如果您仍无法创建token.pickle文件，请再次检查the Quickstart。

修改点：

• 关于name 'io' is not defined的错误，请在脚本中添加import io。这样，可以删除此错误消息。

但是在您的脚本中，还有更多修改点。因此，请检查以下几点。

• 我认为在添加import io之后，会出现name 'MediaIoBaseDownload' is not defined错误。所以也请添加from googleapiclient.http import MediaIoBaseDownload。
• 当添加import io和from googleapiclient.http import MediaIoBaseDownload时，我认为发生了insufficient authentication scopes错误。因此，请将范围从https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly修改为https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly。
  • 目前，请删除token.pickle文件，然后通过运行脚本重新授权范围。由此，反映了新的范围。请注意这一点。
• [如果您的Google云端硬盘中有除Google Spreadsheet以外的文件，我认为service.files().export_media()发生了错误。当您只想检索Google Spreadsheet时，可以使用搜索查询。根据您的情况，可以使用q="mimeType='application/vnd.google-apps.spreadsheet'"。
• 在您的脚本中，使用fh = io.BytesIO()。在这种情况下，文件将作为导出下载。但是下载的文件未在您的PC中创建。例如，如果要将下载的文件创建到PC上，请将fh = io.BytesIO()修改为fh = io.FileIO(item['name'] + '.xlsx', mode='wb')。

当以上修改点反映到您的脚本时，它变成如下。

修改的脚本：

[在运行脚本之前，请删除token.pickle的文件。这样，在运行脚本时，将运行授权过程，完成授权后，新的作用域将反映到访问中令牌和刷新令牌。

from __future__ import print_function
import pickle
import os.path
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow
from google.auth.transport.requests import Request

import io  # Added
from googleapiclient.http import MediaIoBaseDownload  # Added

# If modifying these scopes, delete the file token.pickle.
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly']  # Modified

def main():
    """Shows basic usage of the Drive v3 API.
    Prints the names and ids of the first 10 files the user has access to.
    """
    creds = None
    # The file token.pickle stores the user's access and refresh tokens, and is
    # created automatically when the authorization flow completes for the first
    # time.
    if os.path.exists('token.pickle'):
        with open('token.pickle', 'rb') as token:
            creds = pickle.load(token)
    # If there are no (valid) credentials available, let the user log in.
    if not creds or not creds.valid:
        if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:
            creds.refresh(Request())
        else:
            flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
                'credentials.json', SCOPES)
            creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)
        # Save the credentials for the next run
        with open('token.pickle', 'wb') as token:
            pickle.dump(creds, token)

    service = build('drive', 'v3', credentials=creds)

    # Call the Drive v3 API
    results = service.files().list(
        pageSize=10, fields="nextPageToken, files(id, name)", q="mimeType='application/vnd.google-apps.spreadsheet'").execute()  # Modified
    items = results.get('files', [])

    if not items:
        print('No files found.')
    else:
        print('Files:')
        for item in items:
            print(u'{0} ({1})'.format(item['name'], item['id']))
            file_id = item['id']
            request = service.files().export_media(fileId=file_id,
                                                        mimeType='application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet')
            # fh = io.BytesIO()
            fh = io.FileIO(item['name'] + '.xlsx', mode='wb')  # If you want to create the downloaded file to your PC, please use this instead of "fh = io.BytesIO()".
            downloader = MediaIoBaseDownload(fh, request)
            done = False
            while done is False:
                status, done = downloader.next_chunk()
                print ("Download %d%%." % int(status.progress() * 100))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

注意：

• 如果要下载10个以上的文件，请修改pageSize=10。最大值为1000。如果要下载的文件超过1000，则需要使用pageToken修改脚本。请注意这一点。
  • 在这种情况下，this thread可能有用。
• 如果运行修改后的脚本时发生错误，请确认items的items = results.get('files', [])的值。 items没有值时，表示service.files().list()不返回文件列表。

参考：

• Quickstart
• Files: list
• Files: export

如果我误解了您的问题，而这不是您想要的结果，我深表歉意。