调整HTML5画布大小以适合窗口

问题描述 投票:360回答:14

如何自动缩放HTML5 <canvas>元素以适合页面?

例如,我可以通过将<div>height属性设置为100%来获得width,但是<canvas>不会缩放,是吗?

javascript html5 canvas
14个回答
345
投票

我相信我找到了一个优雅的解决方案:

JavaScript的

/* important! for alignment, you should make things
 * relative to the canvas' current width/height.
 */
function draw() {
  var ctx = (a canvas context);
  ctx.canvas.width  = window.innerWidth;
  ctx.canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
  //...drawing code...
}

CSS

html, body {
  width:  100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}

到目前为止,对我没有任何大的负面影响。


3
投票

如果您对保留纵横比感兴趣并且在纯CSS中这样做(给定纵横比),您可以执行以下操作。关键是padding-bottom元素上的::content,它调整了container元素的大小。它的大小相对于其父级的宽度,默认为100%。此处指定的比率必须与canvas元素上的尺寸比率相匹配。

// Javascript

var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas'),
    context = canvas.getContext('2d');

context.fillStyle = '#ff0000';
context.fillRect(500, 200, 200, 200);

context.fillStyle = '#000000';
context.font = '30px serif';
context.fillText('This is some text that should not be distorted, just scaled', 10, 40);
/*CSS*/

.container {
  position: relative; 
  background-color: green;
}

.container::after {
  content: ' ';
  display: block;
  padding: 0 0 50%;
}

.wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
}

canvas {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
<!-- HTML -->

<div class=container>
  <div class=wrapper>
    <canvas width=1200 height=600></canvas>  
  </div>
</div>

1
投票
(function() {

    // get viewport size
    getViewportSize = function() {
        return {
            height: window.innerHeight,
            width:  window.innerWidth
        };
    };

    // update canvas size
    updateSizes = function() {
        var viewportSize = getViewportSize();
        $('#myCanvas').width(viewportSize.width).height(viewportSize.height);
        $('#myCanvas').attr('width', viewportSize.width).attr('height', viewportSize.height);
    };

    // run on load
    updateSizes();

    // handle window resizing
    $(window).on('resize', function() {
        updateSizes();
    });

}());

1
投票

使用jQuery,您可以跟踪窗口调整大小并使用jQuery更改画布的宽度。

这样的事情

$( window ).resize(function() {
 		$("#myCanvas").width($( window ).width())
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #000000;">

0
投票

我认为这应该是我们应该做的:http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/casestudies/gopherwoord-studios-resizing-html5-games/

function resizeGame() {
    var gameArea = document.getElementById('gameArea');
    var widthToHeight = 4 / 3;
    var newWidth = window.innerWidth;
    var newHeight = window.innerHeight;
    var newWidthToHeight = newWidth / newHeight;

    if (newWidthToHeight > widthToHeight) {
        newWidth = newHeight * widthToHeight;
        gameArea.style.height = newHeight + 'px';
        gameArea.style.width = newWidth + 'px';
    } else {
        newHeight = newWidth / widthToHeight;
        gameArea.style.width = newWidth + 'px';
        gameArea.style.height = newHeight + 'px';
    }

    gameArea.style.marginTop = (-newHeight / 2) + 'px';
    gameArea.style.marginLeft = (-newWidth / 2) + 'px';

    var gameCanvas = document.getElementById('gameCanvas');
    gameCanvas.width = newWidth;
    gameCanvas.height = newHeight;
}

window.addEventListener('resize', resizeGame, false);
window.addEventListener('orientationchange', resizeGame, false);

0
投票

首先,你不能使用width和height属性来改变大小(至少以我的方式),因为这将打破它。你可以这样做:HTML:

<canvas id = 'myCanvas'></canvas>

JS:

var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');

var W = window.innerWidth;
var H = window.innerHeight;
canvas.width = W;
canvas.height = H;

(请原谅我有任何错别字,我倾向于这么做)


-2
投票

我正在使用sketch.js,所以在我为画布运行init命令后,我用jquery更改了宽度和高度。它基于父元素的维度。

$( '#DrawCanvas')。素描()。ATTR( '高度',$( '#DrawCanvas')。亲本()。高度())。ATTR( '宽度',$( '#DrawCanvas')。亲()。宽度());


56
投票

以下解决方案最适合我。由于我对编码比较陌生,我喜欢用视觉确认某些东西按照我期望的方式工作。我在以下网站找到了它:http://htmlcheats.com/html/resize-the-html5-canvas-dyamically/

这是代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Resize HTML5 canvas dynamically | www.htmlcheats.com</title>
    <style>
    html, body {
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      margin: 0px;
      border: 0;
      overflow: hidden; /*  Disable scrollbars */
      display: block;  /* No floating content on sides */
    }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <canvas id='c' style='position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px;'>
    </canvas>

    <script>
    (function() {
        var
        // Obtain a reference to the canvas element using its id.
        htmlCanvas = document.getElementById('c'),
        // Obtain a graphics context on the canvas element for drawing.
        context = htmlCanvas.getContext('2d');

       // Start listening to resize events and draw canvas.
       initialize();

       function initialize() {
           // Register an event listener to call the resizeCanvas() function 
           // each time the window is resized.
           window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas, false);
           // Draw canvas border for the first time.
           resizeCanvas();
        }

        // Display custom canvas. In this case it's a blue, 5 pixel 
        // border that resizes along with the browser window.
        function redraw() {
           context.strokeStyle = 'blue';
           context.lineWidth = '5';
           context.strokeRect(0, 0, window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
        }

        // Runs each time the DOM window resize event fires.
        // Resets the canvas dimensions to match window,
        // then draws the new borders accordingly.
        function resizeCanvas() {
            htmlCanvas.width = window.innerWidth;
            htmlCanvas.height = window.innerHeight;
            redraw();
        }
    })();

    </script>
</body> 
</html>

蓝色边框显示调整大小画布的边缘,并始终沿着窗口的边缘,在所有4个边上都可见,而上述其他一些答案则不然。希望能帮助到你。


20
投票

基本上你要做的是将onresize事件绑定到你的身体,一旦你捕获事件你只需要使用window.innerWidth和window.innerHeight来调整画布的大小。

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>Canvas Resize</title>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        function resize_canvas(){
            canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
            if (canvas.width  < window.innerWidth)
            {
                canvas.width  = window.innerWidth;
            }

            if (canvas.height < window.innerHeight)
            {
                canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
            }
        }
    </script>
</head>

<body onresize="resize_canvas()">
        <canvas id="canvas">Your browser doesn't support canvas</canvas>
</body>
</html>

19
投票

根据浏览器客户端的尺寸设置画布坐标空间的宽度和高度,需要在调整浏览器大小时调整大小和重绘。

一个不太复杂的解决方案是在Javascript变量中维护可绘制的维度,但是根据screen.width,screen.height维度设置画布尺寸。使用CSS来适应:

#containingDiv { 
  overflow: hidden;
}
#myCanvas {
  position: absolute; 
  top: 0px;
  left: 0px;
} 

浏览器窗口通常不会大于屏幕本身(除非屏幕分辨率被误报,因为它可能与不匹配的双显示器一样),因此背景将不会显示,像素比例也不会变化。除非使用CSS缩放画布,否则画布像素将与屏幕分辨率成正比。


13
投票

一个纯CSS方法添加到@jerseyboy的解决方案上面。 适用于Firefox(在v29中测试),Chrome(在v34中测试)和Internet Explorer(在v11中测试)。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
    <style>
        html,
        body {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0;
        }
        canvas {
            background-color: #ccc;
            display: block;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="500"></canvas>
    <script>
        var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
        if (canvas.getContext) {
            var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            ctx.fillRect(25,25,100,100);
            ctx.clearRect(45,45,60,60);
            ctx.strokeRect(50,50,50,50);
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

链接到示例:http://temporaer.net/open/so/140502_canvas-fit-to-window.html

但请小心,正如@jerseyboy在评论中所述:

使用CSS重新调整画布很麻烦。至少在Chrome和Safari上,鼠标/触摸事件位置不会与画布像素位置1:1对应,您必须转换坐标系。


8
投票

除非您希望画布自动升级您的图像数据(这就是James Black的回答,但它看起来不太漂亮),您必须自己调整大小并重新绘制图像。 Centering a canvas


8
投票
function resize() {

    var canvas = document.getElementById('game');
    var canvasRatio = canvas.height / canvas.width;
    var windowRatio = window.innerHeight / window.innerWidth;
    var width;
    var height;

    if (windowRatio < canvasRatio) {
        height = window.innerHeight;
        width = height / canvasRatio;
    } else {
        width = window.innerWidth;
        height = width * canvasRatio;
    }

    canvas.style.width = width + 'px';
    canvas.style.height = height + 'px';
};

window.addEventListener('resize', resize, false);

4
投票

如果您的div完全填满了网页,那么您可以填满该div,因此有一个填充div的画布。

您可能会觉得这很有趣,因为您可能需要使用css来使用百分比,但是,这取决于您使用的浏览器,以及它与规范的一致程度:http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-canvas-element.html#the-canvas-element

canvas元素的固有尺寸等于坐标空间的大小,数字以CSS像素解释。但是,元素可以通过样式表任意调整大小。在渲染期间,缩放图像以适合此布局大小。

您可能需要获取div的offsetWidth和height,或获取窗口高度/宽度并将其设置为像素值。


3
投票

CSS

body { margin: 0; } 
canvas { display: block; } 

JavaScript的

window.addEventListener("load", function()
{
    var canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); document.body.appendChild(canvas);
    var context = canvas.getContext('2d');

    function draw()
    {
        context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(0, 0); context.lineTo(canvas.width, canvas.height); 
        context.moveTo(canvas.width, 0); context.lineTo(0, canvas.height); 
        context.stroke();
    }
    function resize()
    {
        canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
        canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
        draw();
    }
    window.addEventListener("resize", resize);
    resize();
});
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