Python Tkinter：为列表框中的每个字符串创建一个变量？

Question

我（几乎）是一个可怜的程序员处女，所以请对我宽容点。

这是我第二次尝试制作程序，恐怕这超出了我的能力范围。经过很长时间的尝试解决这个问题，我请求您的帮助。

我基本上是在制作一个待办事项列表，但希望它有更多的功能，而不仅仅是一个无聊的列表。

我在脑海中的想象是，用户将任务添加到条目小部件中，然后该任务将显示在列表框中。列表框中的每个字符串都会有一个与之关联的值（我需要对我希望程序具有的功能进行一些计算）。 所以我想我想要的是列表框中的每个字符串都成为一个变量，然后与我想要一个值的该变量相关联。

我会尽力向您展示：

这里我添加我想要成为新变量的字符串

然后我从下拉菜单中指定一个数字。我希望这个数字是上一步中变量/字符串的值。

我真的希望你们中的一个人能够以一种（最好）不需要我做太多改变的方式引导我走向正确的方向。对我来说，事情仍然很棘手，浏览代码对我来说已经相当困难了。 目的很简单，我想对与每个任务相关的（希望）即将出现的值进行一些计算。 如果你们敢的话，先谢谢了！

相关代码在这里：

import tkinter.messagebox # Import the messagebox module
import pickle # Module to save to .dat
import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk() #
root.title('SmaToDo') # Name of the program/window


def new_task():
    global entry_task
    global task_window
    task_window = Toplevel(root)
    task_window.title('Add a new task')
    task_label = tk.Label(task_window, text = 'Title your task concisely:', justify='center')
    task_label.pack()
    # Entry for tasks in new window
    entry_task = tkinter.Entry(task_window, width=50, justify='center')
    entry_task.pack()
    # Add task button in new window
    button_add_task = tkinter.Button(task_window, text='Add task', width=42, command=lambda: [add_task(), impact()])
    button_add_task.pack()

def add_task():
    global task
    global impact_window
    task = entry_task.get() # we get the task from entry_task and we get the input from the entry_task type-field with .get()
    if task != '': # If textbox inputfield is NOT empty do this:
        listbox_tasks.insert(tkinter.END, task)
        entry_task.delete(0, tkinter.END) # Slet hvad der står i inputfeltet fra første bogstav til sidste (0, tkinter.END)
        task_window.destroy()
    else:
        tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='Whoops', message='You must enter a task')
        task_window.destroy()


def delete_task():
    try:
        task_index = listbox_tasks.curselection()[0]
        listbox_tasks.delete(task_index)
    except:
        tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='Oops', message='You must select a task to delete')

def save_tasks():
    tasks = listbox_tasks.get(0, listbox_tasks.size())
    pickle.dump(tasks, open('tasks.dat', 'wb'))

def prioritize_tasks():
    pass



# Create UI
frame_tasks = tkinter.Frame(root)
frame_tasks.pack()

scrollbar_tasks = tkinter.Scrollbar(frame_tasks)
scrollbar_tasks.pack(side=tkinter.RIGHT, fill=tkinter.Y)

listbox_tasks = tkinter.Listbox(frame_tasks, height=10, width=50, justify='center') # tkinter.Listbox(where it should go, height=x, width=xx)
listbox_tasks.pack()

listbox_tasks.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar_tasks.set)
scrollbar_tasks.config(command=listbox_tasks.yview)


try:
    tasks = pickle.load(open('tasks.dat', 'rb'))
    listbox_tasks.delete(0, tkinter.END)
    for task in tasks:
        listbox_tasks.insert(tkinter.END, task)
except:
    tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='Phew', message='You have no tasks')

# Add task button
button_new_task = tkinter.Button(root, text='New task', width=42, command=new_task)
button_new_task.pack()


button_delete_task = tkinter.Button(root, text='Delete task', width=42, command=delete_task)
button_delete_task.pack()


button_save_tasks = tkinter.Button(root, text='Save tasks', width=42, command=save_tasks)
button_save_tasks.pack()

button_prioritize_tasks = tkinter.Button(root, text='Prioritize', width=42, command=prioritize_tasks)
button_prioritize_tasks.pack()

root.mainloop() 

Answer 1

简单的方法是添加另一个

list

来存储影响值。 您需要同步任务列表和影响列表。

以下是修改后的代码：

import pickle # Module to save to .dat
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import random

TASKS_FILE = "tasks.dat"
task_impacts = []  # store impact of tasks

root = tk.Tk() #
root.title('SmaToDo') # Name of the program/window

def impact():
    # assign random impact to new task
    task_impacts.append(random.randint(1, 11))    

def new_task():
    def add_task():
        task = entry_task.get().strip()
        if task:
            listbox_tasks.insert(tk.END, task)
            impact() # get the impact of the task
        else:
            messagebox.showwarning(title='Whoops', message='You must enter a task')
        task_window.destroy()
    
    task_window = tk.Toplevel(root)
    task_window.title('Add a new task')
    task_label = tk.Label(task_window, text = 'Title your task concisely:', justify='center')
    task_label.pack()
    # Entry for tasks in new window
    entry_task = tk.Entry(task_window, width=50, justify='center')
    entry_task.pack()
    # Add task button in new window
    button_add_task = tk.Button(task_window, text='Add task', width=42, command=add_task)
    button_add_task.pack()

def delete_task():
    try:
        task_index = listbox_tasks.curselection()[0]
        listbox_tasks.delete(task_index)
        task_impacts.pop(task_index) # remove corresponding impact value as well
    except:
        messagebox.showwarning(title='Oops', message='You must select a task to delete')

def load_tasks():
    try:
        with open(TASKS_FILE, 'rb') as f:
            tasks = pickle.load(f)
        listbox_tasks.delete(0, tk.END)
        task_impacts.clear()
        for task, impact in tasks:
            listbox_tasks.insert(tk.END, task)
            task_impacts.append(impact)
    except:
        messagebox.showwarning(title='Phew', message='You have no tasks')

def save_tasks():
    tasks = zip(listbox_tasks.get(0, tk.END), task_impacts)
    with open(TASKS_FILE, "wb") as f:
        pickle.dump(tasks, f)

def prioritize_tasks():
    print(list(zip(listbox_tasks.get(0, tk.END), task_impacts)))


# Create UI
frame_tasks = tk.Frame(root)
frame_tasks.pack()

scrollbar_tasks = tk.Scrollbar(frame_tasks)
scrollbar_tasks.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

listbox_tasks = tk.Listbox(frame_tasks, height=10, width=50, justify='center') # tkinter.Listbox(where it should go, height=x, width=xx)
listbox_tasks.pack()

listbox_tasks.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar_tasks.set)
scrollbar_tasks.config(command=listbox_tasks.yview)

# Add task button
button_new_task = tk.Button(root, text='New task', width=42, command=new_task)
button_new_task.pack()

button_delete_task = tk.Button(root, text='Delete task', width=42, command=delete_task)
button_delete_task.pack()

button_save_tasks = tk.Button(root, text='Save tasks', width=42, command=save_tasks)
button_save_tasks.pack()

button_prioritize_tasks = tk.Button(root, text='Prioritize', width=42, command=prioritize_tasks)
button_prioritize_tasks.pack()

load_tasks()

root.mainloop() 

请注意，我有：

• 将

  add_task()

  函数移至

  new_task()

  函数内，以便不使用全局变量
• 创建了缺失的

  impact()

  函数来为新任务分配随机影响值
• 移动了函数中已保存任务的加载

  load_tasks()

---

更好的建议是使用

ttk.Treeview()

而不是

tk.Listbox()

，因为您可以使用

tags

中每条记录的

text

或

Treeview

选项将影响值与任务关联起来。

Answer 2

将 tkinter 导入为 tk

def add_task(): 任务=入口.get() 如果任务： listbox.insert(tk.END, 任务) 条目.删除（0，tk.END）

defdelete_task(): 尝试： selected_task_index = listbox.curselection()[0] listbox.delete(selected_task_index) 除了索引错误： 通过

root = tk.Tk() root.title("我的名字")

entry = tk.Entry(根, 宽度=50) 入口.pack(pady=10)

add_button = tk.Button(root, text="??????", command=add_task) add_button.pack(pady=5)

delete_button = tk.Button(root, text="ÍÍف هмÉ", command=delete_task) 删除按钮.pack(pady=5)

listbox = tk.Listbox(根, 宽度=50, 高度=10) listbox.pack(pady=10)

root.mainloop()