打字：如何将所有者类绑定到通用描述符？

Question

我可以在 Python 中以支持/尊重/理解其所有者的继承层次结构的方式实现通用描述符吗？

代码中应该更清楚：

from typing import (
    Generic, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING,
    Type, TypeVar, Union, overload,
)

T = TypeVar("T", bound="A")  # noqa

class Descr(Generic[T]):

    @overload
    def __get__(self: "Descr[T]", instance: None, owner: Type[T]) -> "Descr[T]": ...

    @overload
    def __get__(self: "Descr[T]", instance: T, owner: Type[T]) -> T: ...

    def __get__(self: "Descr[T]", instance: Optional[T], owner: Type[T]) -> Union["Descr[T]", T]:
        if instance is None:
            return self
        return instance


class A:
    attr: int = 123
    descr = Descr[T]()  # I want to bind T here, but don't know how


class B(A):
    new_attr: int = 123
    qwerty: str = "qwe"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = A()
    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        reveal_type(a.descr)  # mypy guess it is T? but I want A*
    print("a.attr =", a.descr.attr)  # mypy error: T? has no attribute "attr"
                                     # no runtime error
    b = B()
    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        reveal_type(b.descr)  # mypy said it's T? but I want B*

    print("b.new_attr =", b.descr.new_attr)  # mypy error: T? has no attribute "new_attr"
                                             # no runtime error
    print("b.qwerty =", b.descr.qwerty)  # mypy error: T? has no attribute "qwerty"
                                         # (no runtime error)

gist - gist 上几乎相同的代码片段

Answer 1

我不确定您是否需要将描述符类设为通用；在

__get__

的实例上使用

Type[T]

可能就足以返回

T

:

T = TypeVar("T")  # noqa

class Descr:
    @overload
    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Type[T]) -> "Descr": ...

    @overload
    def __get__(self, instance: T, owner: Type[T]) -> T: ...

    def __get__(self, instance: Optional[T], owner: Type[T]) -> Union["Descr", T]:
        if instance is None:
            return self
        return instance


class A:
    attr: int = 123
    descr = Descr()


class B(A):
    new_attr: int = 123
    qwerty: str = "qwe"

你的每个例子都按你想要的方式工作，你将会得到一个错误

print("b.spam =", b.descr.spam)

产生

error: "B" has no attribute "spam"