RabbitMQ：如何在Python生产者和消费者之间发送Python字典？

Question

我正在尝试使用RabbitMQ将python词典从python生产者发送到python消费者。生产者首先建立与本地RabbitMQ服务器的连接。然后，它创建一个将消息传递到的队列，最后发送该消息。使用者首先连接到RabbitMQ服务器，然后通过创建相同的队列来确保该队列存在。然后，它在回调函数中接收来自生产者的消息，并输出'id'值（1）。这是生产者和消费者的脚本：

producer.py脚本：

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

message = {'id': 1, 'name': 'name1'}
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='task_queue',
                      body=message,
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                         delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

consumer.py脚本：

import pika
import time

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    print(body['id'])
    print(" [x] Done")
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='task_queue')

channel.start_consuming()

但是，当我运行producer.py时，出现此错误：

line 18, in <module>
    delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 1978, in basic_publish
    mandatory, immediate)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 2064, in publish
    immediate=immediate)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/channel.py", line 338, in basic_publish
    (properties, body))
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/channel.py", line 1150, in _send_method
    self.connection._send_method(self.channel_number, method_frame, content)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/connection.py", line 1571, in _send_method
    self._send_message(channel_number, method_frame, content)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pika/connection.py", line 1596, in _send_message
    content[1][s:e]).marshal())
TypeError: unhashable type

有人可以帮我吗？谢谢！

Answer 1

您无法发送本机Python类型作为有效负载，您必须先对其进行序列化。我建议使用JSON：

import json
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='task_queue',
                      body=json.dumps(message),
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
                      ))

和

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % json.loads(body))