我正在尝试使用海龟制作一款太空入侵者游戏，为了将子弹向上移动到屏幕上，我尝试每 0.5 秒更新一次子弹的 y 坐标。我尝试使用 while 循环和 time.sleep() 函数来做到这一点，但每次我尝试发射子弹时，程序都会崩溃。
出了什么问题，我该如何解决？
import turtle
import time
userx = 0
x = 0
y = -300
enemies = [(300,50, "left"), (400,50, "left"), (350, -50, "right")]
bullets = []
gameover = False
def frame():
pass
ship = turtle.Turtle()
ship.pu()
ship.ht()
ship.setpos(userx, -300)
ship.pd()
ship.circle(5)
bullet = turtle.Turtle()
bullet.pu()
bullet.ht()
bullet.setpos(x, y)
bullet.pd()
bullet.circle(2)
def key_left():
global userx
pass
userx += -10
print(userx)
def key_right():
global userx
pass
userx += 10
print(userx)
def key_space():
pass # your code here
global x
global y
global bullets
x = userx
while y <= 300:
time.sleep(0.5)
y += 4
else: y = 0
bullets += (x,y)
def physics():
global bullets
global enemies
pass
def ai():
global enemies
global gameover
pass
def reset():
global enemies
global bullets
global userx
global gameover
pass
def main():
turtle.tracer(0,0)
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.onkey(key_left, "Left")
turtle.onkey(key_right, "Right")
turtle.onkey(key_space, "space")
turtle.listen()
reset()
while not gameover:
turtle.clear()
physics()
ai()
frame()
turtle.update()
time.sleep(0.05)
main()
这并不理想，但它开始起作用了。
在
key_spacewhile not gameoverframeimport turtle
import time
userx = 0
x = 0
y = -300
enemies = [(300,50, "left"), (400,50, "left"), (350, -50, "right")]
bullets = []
gameover = False
def frame():
pass
ship = turtle.Turtle()
ship.pu()
ship.ht()
ship.setpos(userx, -300)
ship.pd()
ship.circle(5)
# redraw bullets
for x, y in bullets:
bullet = turtle.Turtle()
bullet.pu()
bullet.ht()
bullet.setpos(x, y)
bullet.pd()
bullet.circle(2)
def key_left():
global userx
pass
userx += -10
print(userx)
def key_right():
global userx
pass
userx += 10
print(userx)
def key_space():
pass # your code here
global x
global y
global bullets
x = userx
# add bullet to list
bullets.append([x, -300])
def move_bullets():
global bullets
live_bullets = []
# move every bullet and check if should still live
for x, y in bullets:
y += 4
# keep only some bullets and other forget (kill/remove)
if y <= 300:
live_bullets.append([x, y])
bullets = live_bullets
def physics():
global bullets
global enemies
pass
def ai():
global enemies
global gameover
pass
def reset():
global enemies
global bullets
global userx
global gameover
pass
def main():
turtle.tracer(0,0)
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.onkey(key_left, "Left")
turtle.onkey(key_right, "Right")
turtle.onkey(key_space, "space")
turtle.listen()
reset()
while not gameover:
turtle.clear()
physics()
ai()
move_bullets() # <-- move bullets (or maybe before physics)
frame()
turtle.update()
time.sleep(0.05)
main()
我愿意：
def key_space():
# simply spawn a new bullet and put it into your bullets list
def advance_bullet(): # call this after paintnig all bullets in frame
# iterate over all bullets inside bullets, advance the Y position by 3
def frame():
# add code to paint all bullets inside bullets - and call advance_bullets()
在检查与敌人碰撞的代码中：
# remove a bullet from bullets when its outside your screen (or passed all enemies max y coord) - no need to track that bullet anymore
如果您需要比主循环间隔更慢地推进子弹，请制作一个“帧通过”计数器，看看是否
framespassed % something == 0适应您已有的
您需要更改这些部件：
def frame():
global bullets
pass
ship = turtle.Turtle()
ship.pu()
ship.ht()
ship.setpos(userx, -300)
ship.pd()
ship.circle(5)
# debugging all bullets:
# print(bullets) # remove this
for idx in range(0,len(bullets)): # paint ALL bullets in the bullets list
bulletTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
b = bullets[idx] # current bullet we are painting
bulletTurtle.pu()
bulletTurtle.ht()
bulletTurtle.setpos(b[0], b[1])
bulletTurtle.pd()
bulletTurtle.circle(2)
b[1] += 13 # quick and dirty approach, move bulltet after painting
# to save another complete bullets-foreach-loop
# quick n dirty bullet removal for out of screen bullets
# normally I would do this probably in your "check if enemy hit"
# method as you are going over bullets there as well and can remove
# them as soon as they passed all enemies
bullets = [x for x in bullets if x[1] < 500]
def key_space():
global x
global y
global bullets
bullets.append([userx,-300]) # start a new bullet at current player position
编辑：
您可能想看看turtle.shape、turtle.size 和turtle.stamp - 通过使用“圆形”形状和合适的尺寸，您可以“盖印”这个形状。优点：您可以简单地删除标记形状 - 通过其整数 ID。我从未与乌龟合作过 - 考虑一下这是否是一种轻松重绘玩家位置和/或子弹的方法