Python，结合if和for循环

Question

嗨所以我有这个程序，基本上进入收件箱，然后查看最新的电子邮件。扫描它，如果它有一个链接，它会给你一个通知，或者如果它有一个附件，它会发出通知。尽管我尝试将两个通知合并为一个，但一切工作正常。所以它更好一点，而不是一个通知显示，然后是另一个通知显示。如果电子邮件同时包含链接和附件。我更喜欢它只是一个通知，如果电子邮件有两个，然后单独通知，如果它们只包含一个链接或附件。我试图把它分成if和elif循环。

如果我在if语句的循环中执行'和'，我可以获得两者的通知 - 例如

if any(word in html_text for word in word) and file_name == None:
    fboth()

fboth（）（这个函数告诉你有链接和附件，就像flink（）和fattach（））

虽然当我把我的其他选项作为elif：语句时，一个用于链接本身，一个用于附件本身。即使它发现第一个声明为True，它仍然会播出，它会警告电子邮件同时包含链接和附件。有没有阻止这个？我开始认为这是另一个if声明？但是我尝试了一些尝试失败，也许没有完全理解它。我的理论是否正确仍然使用for循环来解决它？

这是代码：

import imaplib
import email
import Tkinter as tk
import time

word = ["href=", "href", "<a href="] #list of strings to search for in email body

#connection to the email server
mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
mail.login('xxxx', 'xxxx')
mail.list()


latest_email_uid = ''

#Finding a link popup
def flink():
    flink = tk.Tk()
    flink.title("Found Link")

    tk.Label(flink, text="Email has link in body\n" + "From: " + msg['From'] + "\n" + "Subject: " + msg['Subject'] + "\n" + "Date: " + msg['Date'], fg='yellow', bg='black').pack()
    flink.after(5000, lambda: flink.destroy())     # time in ms
    flink.mainloop()

#Finding an attachment popup
def fattach():
    fattach = tk.Tk()
    fattach.title("Found Attachment")

    tk.Label(fattach, text= " Latest Email has attachment\n" + "Filename: " + file_name + "\n" + "Fron: " + msg['From'] + "\n" + "Subject: " + msg['Subject'] + "\n" + "Date: " + msg['Date'], fg='yellow', bg='black').pack()
    fattach.after(5000, lambda: fattach.destroy())     # time in ms
    fattach.mainloop()

while True:
    mail.select("Inbox", readonly=True) # connect to inbox.
    result, data = mail.uid('search', None, "ALL") # search and return uids instead
    ids = data[0] # data is a list.
    id_list = ids.split() # ids is a space separated string

    if data[0].split()[-1] == latest_email_uid:
        time.sleep(120) # value here once per minute is already considered fairly aggressive by many IMAP server admins. Depending on your application and expected

    else:
        latest_email_uid = data[0].split()[-1]
        result, data = mail.uid('fetch', latest_email_uid, '(RFC822)') # fetch the email headers and body (RFC822) for the given ID7
        raw_email = data[0][1]

        # "---------------------------------------------------------"
        # "Are there links in the email?"
        # "---------------------------------------------------------"

        msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email)
        for part in msg.walk():
            # each part is a either non-multipart, or another multipart message
            # that contains further parts... Message is organized like a tree
            if part.get_content_type() == 'text/html':
                html_text = part.get_payload()

                if any(word in html_text for word in word):
                    flink()
                else:
                    pass

        # "---------------------------------------------------------"
        # "Are there attachments?"
        # "---------------------------------------------------------"

        for part in msg.walk():
            attach = part.get_content_type()
            file_name = part.get_filename()

            if file_name == None:
                pass
            else:
                fattach()

        mail.close()

        time.sleep(120)

编辑：好的所以我得到了这一点，我可以得到循环找到一个消息，只有一个链接在电子邮件正文（第一个elif），但没有其他工作。当发送一个应该使我的file_name！=现在没有的附件时，是吗？

        msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email)
        for part in msg.walk():
            attach = part.get_content_type()
            file_name = part.get_filename()
            # each part is a either non-multipart, or another multipart message
            # that contains further parts... Message is organized like a tree
            if part.get_content_type() == 'text/html':
                html_text = part.get_payload()
                text = any(word in html_text for word in word)

                if text == True and file_name != None:
                    print "file name and attachment"
                elif text == True and file_name == None:
                    print "Just link in text"
                elif text == False and file_name != None:
                    print "just an attachment"

Answer 1

你不必要地两次做walk。只需在同一个循环中调用这两个函数。

    maybe = False
    msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email)
    for part in msg.walk():
        if part.get_content_type() == 'text/html':
            html_text = part.get_payload()

            if any(word in html_text for word in word):
                maybe = True
        else:
            attach = part.get_content_type()
            file_name = part.get_filename()
            if file_name == None:
                pass
            else:
                maybe = True

    mail.close()
    if maybe:
        # display message

如果您希望消息更详细地反映是否存在链接或附件或两者，您可以将maybe标志变量从简单的布尔值更改为例如一个set，您传递给消息显示功能，以指示准确填充消息对话框的字符串。