我有一个小标题，其中一列是字符串。它们是被调查者表示演奏的乐器的名称。我想捕获每个乐器，因为它是各自独立的字符串。此列中的值范围从单个字符串（如吉他）到更复杂的答案：唱歌，鼓/打击乐，钢琴/键盘...等我已经尝试过这样的事情：
options <- strsplit(survey$instruments_list, "\\, | \\/ | ")
遗憾的是，输出在几个字符串之间仍然具有/字符。
也是最后一个问题，其中一个受访者回答的答案冗长，令人难以置信，而且答案之间用多个空格隔开，我只想要乐器，而不是他们的生活故事。
任何建议将不胜感激，谢谢！编辑：dput（head（survey））的结果
structure(list(time_submitted = c("8/27/19 20:22", "8/29/19 12:15",
"8/28/19 19:33", "8/29/19 16:25", "8/27/19 15:40", "8/27/19 22:59"
), pseudonym_generator = c("Fake rapper name generator", "Fake band name generator",
"Fake band name generator", "Fake band name generator", "Fake band name generator",
"Fake band name generator"), pseudonym = c("Lord Los Angeles",
"Heroes War", "Puppets War", "West Magic", "Eller Angel", "Trace Stripes"
), sex = c("Male", "Male", "Male", "Male", "Male", "Male"), academic_major = c("Computer Science",
"Computer Science", "Math", "Computer Science", "Computer Science",
"Computer Science"), academic_level = c("Senior", "Junior", "Senior",
"Junior", "Senior", "Senior"), year_born = c(1994, 1997, 1996,
1999, 1998, 1986), instrument_list = c("Rap", "Guitar", "Guitar",
"Trumpet", "Piano/Keyboards, Ukulele", NA), favorite_song_artist = c("40 crew",
"Arctic Monkeys", "Avatar", "Ben Folds", "blink-182", "brian jonestown massacre / sarabeth tucek"
), favorite_song = c("Not Enough", "Arabella", "The Eagle Has Landed",
"Still", "She's Out Of Her Mind", "Seer"), favorite_song_link = c("https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uITuGZKljgQ",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn6-TItCazo", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4p6GWewmTYQ",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShBzUK4rnI8", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krpm0v_486k",
"https://youtu.be/C-XT7DZsNP8")), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl",
"data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, -6L))
怎么样：
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
survey %>%
transmute(pseudonym, inst = strsplit(instrument_list, "[,/]")) %>%
filter(!is.na(inst)) %>%
unnest() %>%
mutate(inst = trimws(inst), plays = TRUE) %>%
spread(inst, plays) %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), Negate(is.na))
# # A tibble: 5 x 7
# pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Rap Trumpet Ukulele
# <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
# 1 Eller Angel FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE
# 2 Heroes War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 3 Lord Los Angeles FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
# 4 Puppets War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
# 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
我们也可以使用cSplit_e中的splitstackshape
output <- splitstackshape::cSplit_e(survey, "instrument_list", type = "character",
fill = 0, sep=",|/", fixed = FALSE)
output[12:17]
# instrument_list_Guitar instrument_list_Keyboards instrument_list_Piano
#1 0 0 0
#2 1 0 0
#3 1 0 0
#4 0 0 0
#5 0 1 1
#6 0 0 0
# instrument_list_Rap instrument_list_Trumpet instrument_list_Ukulele
#1 1 0 0
#2 0 0 0
#3 0 0 0
#4 0 1 0
#5 0 0 1
#6 0 0 0
此列中的1表示正在演奏乐器，0表示未演奏。
与其他答案没有太大不同，但这是使用某些tidyr便利性的答案。 separate_rows拆分字符串并在一次调用中取消嵌套；如果在正则表达式中包含可选的\\s，则", "中的空格将包含在分隔符中，因此您可以跳过修剪空白。添加一个虚拟变量会提供一个值来填充工具栏，NA会用0填充。
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
survey_wide <- survey %>%
select(pseudonym, instrument_list) %>%
separate_rows(instrument_list, sep = "(\\,|\\/)\\s?") %>%
filter(!is.na(instrument_list)) %>%
mutate(dummy = 1) %>%
spread(key = instrument_list, value = dummy, fill = 0)
survey_wide
#> # A tibble: 5 x 7
#> pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Rap Trumpet Ukulele
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Eller Angel 0 1 1 0 0 1
#> 2 Heroes War 1 0 0 0 0 0
#> 3 Lord Los Angeles 0 0 0 1 0 0
#> 4 Puppets War 1 0 0 0 0 0
#> 5 West Magic 0 0 0 0 1 0
如果需要布尔值而不是数字，这是一个附加步骤：
survey_wide %>%
mutate_at(vars(-pseudonym), as.logical)
#> # A tibble: 5 x 7
#> pseudonym Guitar Keyboards Piano Rap Trumpet Ukulele
#> <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
#> 1 Eller Angel FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE
#> 2 Heroes War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
#> 3 Lord Los Angeles FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
#> 4 Puppets War TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
#> 5 West Magic FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE