我按照 Microsoft 的 Visual Studio Code 文档中的指示安装了 MSVC，但除非在 CD 到我的代码目录后从 dev 命令行启动 VS code，否则我无法编译任何内容。
我期望能够打开 VS code，启动一个项目，编写一些代码，然后点击编译按钮。相反我得到了 “cl.exe 构建和调试仅在从 VS 开发人员命令提示符运行 VS Code 时可用。” 错误。为什么我不能只运行代码？如果每次我必须打开 IDE 时，我都必须通过特殊的命令行来执行此操作，而不是仅仅打开 IDE，那么这似乎非常笨重。 我是否需要在我的路径中添加一些内容才能让 Visual Studio Code 只选择 MSVC 编译器 （我更喜欢使用 VS code，因为我从其他时候开始学习编码就习惯了它，所以我对它很满意并且不想切换到普通的 Visual Studio 或其他任何东西）
使用 MSVC 时有两个主要选项。
"cpp": "cd $dir && cl /EHsc *.cpp /Fo..\\obj\\ /Fe..\\out\\Program.exe && ..\\out\\Program">clcmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4)
project(PROJECT_NAME)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
add_executable(PROJECT_NAME src/main.cc)
很早之前我也做了这段python代码。只要您的项目位于 C:\dev 中，它将使用 64x dev shell 启动 vscode。
import shutil
import subprocess
import os
from datetime import datetime
class Manager:
def __init__(self, dirName="C:/dev/") -> None:
self.dir: str = dirName
self.projects = self.LoadFromDir()
print(self.projects)
def UiDelPr(self, attributes):
if len(attributes) < 1:
log = "Err: Name not specified, prompt needed"
else:
log = self.DelPr(attributes[0])
print(log)
def DelPr(self, name: str) -> str:
if name == "CppTemp":
return "This Template can not be deleted"
if name not in self.projects:
return f"Project not found in current directory:\n{self.projects}"
try:
shutil.rmtree(self.dir + name)
except:
return f"Unexpected error ocurred"
return "Project deleted successfully"
def UiRenPr(self, attributes):
if len(attributes) < 1:
log = "Err: Name not specified, prompt needed"
elif len(attributes) < 2:
log = "Err: New name not specified, prompt needed"
else:
log = self.RenPr(attributes[0], attributes[1])
print(log)
def RenPr(self, oName: str, nName: str) -> str:
if oName == "CppTemp":
return "This Template can not be deleted"
if oName not in self.projects:
return f"Project not found in current directory:\n{self.projects}"
try:
os.rename(self.dir + oName, self.dir + nName)
except:
return f"Unexpected error ocurred"
return "Project renamed successfully"
def UiMakePr(self, attributes):
if len(attributes) < 1:
log = "Err: Name not specified, prompt needed"
elif len(attributes) == 1:
log = self.MakePr(attributes[0])
else:
log = self.MakePr(attributes[0], attributes[1])
print(log)
def MakePr(self, name: str, template="CppTemp") -> str:
if name in self.projects:
return f"Project name already used:\n{self.projects}"
if template not in self.projects:
return f"Template not found in current directory:\n{self.projects}"
try:
shutil.copytree(self.dir + template, self.dir + name)
except:
return f"Unexpected error ocurred"
return f"Project created successfully"
def UiExecute(self, attributes):
if len(attributes) < 1:
log = "Err: Name not specified, prompt needed"
else:
path = f"{self.dir}{attributes[0]}/out/Program.exe"
print(f"\033[29;0m{attributes[0]} - {path}")
if len(attributes) == 1:
log = self.Execute(path)
else:
log = self.Execute(path, attributes[1])
print(log)
def Execute(self, path, newWindow=""):
if not os.path.exists(path):
return f"Program has no executable in {path}"
try:
if newWindow == "n":
subprocess.Popen(["start", path], shell=True)
else:
subprocess.run([path])
except:
return "Unexpected error ocurred, failed to execute"
return "Executed successfully"
def UiLaunch86(self, attributes):
self.UiLaunch(attributes, "x86")
def UiLaunch(self, attributes, version="amd64"):
if len(attributes) < 1:
log = "\033[0;31mErr: Name not specified, prompt needed"
else:
log = self.Launch(attributes[0], version)
print(log)
def Launch(self, name, version):
if name not in self.projects:
return f"\033[0;31mProject not found in current directory:\n{self.projects}"
try:
print(f"\033[29;0m{self.dir}{name}")
subprocess.call(
f'cmd /c ""C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvarsall.bat" {version} && cl && cd {self.dir}{name} && code ."'
)
except:
return "\033[0;31mUnexpected error ocurred, failed to launch"
return "\033[29;0mProject launched successfully"
def UiList(self, attributes):
print(f"\033[29;0mName\t\t Compiled\t\tLast compiled\t\tSize (kb)")
for project in self.projects:
stats = os.stat(f"{self.dir}{project}/out")
name = project.ljust(20)
time = datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_mtime).strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M")
size = self.GetSizeOf(project) // 1024
isAvailable = (
"exe available"
if os.path.exists(f"{self.dir}{project}/out/Program.exe")
else "exe not available"
)
print(f"{name}{isAvailable}\t{time}\t{size}")
return
def GetSizeOf(self, name) -> int:
size = 0
path = self.dir + name
for dirPath, dirNames, fileNames in os.walk(path):
for file in fileNames:
file_path = os.path.join(dirPath, file)
if not os.path.islink(file_path):
size += os.path.getsize(file_path)
return size
def LoadFromDir(self):
return [
f for f in os.listdir(self.dir) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self.dir, f))
]
def UiHelp(self, attributes):
if len(attributes) < 1:
print(
"\033[1;33mmkPr\033[1;30m\t- Create a directory containing a project, based on the template that you chose"
)
print("\033[1;33mrmPr\033[1;30m\t- Delete a directory containing a project")
print("\033[1;33mren\033[1;30m\t- Rename a project")
print(
"\033[1;33mcode\033[1;30m\t- Launch a project in VSCode using the MSVC compiler"
)
print(
"\033[1;33mrun\033[1;30m\t- If available, runs Program.exe of a project"
)
print(
"\033[1;33mls\033[1;30m\t- Prints the project directory or a specific project, with all its information"
)
print(
'\033[1;33mhelp\033[1;30m\t- Prints informations about the available commands, write "help [command]" to see more information about the command'
)
print("\033[1;33mclear\033[1;30m\t- Clears the console")
return
commandSyntax = {
"mkPr": "mkPr [project name] (optional)[template name]",
"rmPr": "rmPr [project name]",
"ren": "ren [project name] [new project name]",
"code": "launch [project name]",
"run": "launch [project name] (optional, to run in new Window)[n]",
"ls": "ls",
"help": "help [command]",
}
try:
print("\033[1;37m" + commandSyntax[attributes[0]])
except KeyError:
print("Command not found")
self.UiHelp([])
def UiNewLine(self, attributes):
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
manager = Manager()
funcDict = {
"mkPr": manager.UiMakePr,
"rmPr": manager.UiDelPr,
"ren": manager.UiRenPr,
"ls": manager.UiList,
"code": manager.UiLaunch,
"codex64": manager.UiLaunch,
"codex86": manager.UiLaunch86,
"help": manager.UiHelp,
"run": manager.UiExecute,
"": manager.UiNewLine,
}
while True:
command = input("\033[1;37m>\033[1;33m ")
if command == "exit":
break
elif command == "clear":
os.system("cls")
else:
command = command.split(" ")
try:
funcDict[command.pop(0)](command)
except KeyError:
print(f"\033[0;31mCommand not found!")
funcDict["help"]([])
finally:
manager.projects = manager.LoadFromDir()
print("Finished executing")
else:
print("Error - Executed from outside")