如果我在 Python 中引发异常,我会得到以下结果:
raise Exception("Hello world")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-24-dd3f3f45afbe>", line 1, in <module>
raise Exception("Hello world")
Exception: Hello world
注意最后一行“
Exception: Hello world
”。遇到异常 (foo = Exception("Hello world")
),我怎样才能生成这样的文本?以下均无效:
str(foo)
Out[27]: 'Hello world'
repr(foo)
Out[28]: "Exception('Hello world',)"
"{}".format(foo)
Out[29]: 'Hello world'
"{}: {}".format(type(foo), foo)
Out[30]: "<type 'exceptions.Exception'>: Hello world"
如果您的异常对象是
exc
,那么:
type(exc).__name__
。str(exc)
。所以你可以这样做:
print('{}: {}'.format(type(exc).__name__, exc))
使 tdelaney 的答案正式并展示差异......
#test.py
import traceback
try :
raise TypeError("Wrong Type baby!")
except Exception as e:
print( "EXCEPTION FORMAT PRINT:\n{}".format( e ) )
print( "EXCEPTION TRACE PRINT:\n{}".format( "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__))
控制台输出结果
EXCEPTION FORMAT PRINT:
Wrong Type baby!
EXCEPTION TRACE PRINT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
raise TypeError("Wrong Type baby!")
TypeError: Wrong Type baby!
如果您处于日志记录的上下文中,还有 exception 方法和
exc_info
kwarg 可以为您进行格式化。我们应该注意,由于根记录器将警告作为其默认日志级别,因此调试和信息级别的日志消息将被忽略。
# logTest.py
import logging
try :
raise ValueError("my bad value")
except Exception as e :
logging.exception( e )
logging.debug("\n{}\nDEBUG LEVEL EXAMPLE".format('-'*30), exc_info=e)
logging.info("\n{}\nINFO LEVEL EXAMPLE".format('-'*30), exc_info=e)
logging.warning("\n{}\nWARNING LEVEL EXAMPLE".format('-'*30), exc_info=e)
logging.error("\n{}\nERROR LEVEL EXAMPLE".format('-'*30), exc_info=e)
控制台输出结果...
ERROR:root:my bad value
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/me/logTest.py", line 5, in <module>
raise ValueError("my bad value")
ValueError: my bad value
WARNING:root:
------------------------------
WARNING LEVEL EXAMPLE
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/me/logTest.py", line 5, in <module>
raise ValueError("my bad value")
ValueError: my bad value
ERROR:root:
------------------------------
ERROR LEVEL EXAMPLE
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/me/logTest.py", line 5, in <module>
raise ValueError("my bad value")
ValueError: my bad value