Django：'字段列表'中的未知列'last_login'

问题描述 投票：3回答：1

我确实看过其他主题，但我找不到任何有用的东西或者对我有帮助。我所做的只是做python manage.py inspectdb > models.py然后编辑文件，用户模型，然后进行迁移。

现在，当我尝试创建超级用户时，我收到此错误

D:\Programming\Web\blaine county\website>python manage.py createsuperuser --username=andrei [email protected]
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
Password:
Password (again):
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 250, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 50, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 247, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 411, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 374, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 277, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1054, "Unknown column 'last_login' in 'field list'")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 365, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 59, in execute
    return super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 335, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\management\commands\createsuperuser.py", line 179, in handle
    self.UserModel._default_manager.db_manager(database).create_superuser(**user_data)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 161, in create_superuser
    return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 144, in _create_user
    user.save(using=self._db)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 73, in save
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 729, in save
    force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 759, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 842, in _save_table
    result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 880, in _do_insert
    using=using, raw=raw)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1125, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1280, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 250, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 50, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 247, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 411, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 374, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "D:\Programming\Python\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 277, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (1054, "Unknown column 'last_login' in 'field list'")

这是我的models.py https://pastebin.com/5sEY7t5H

问题是我有一个遗留数据库，我试图将应用程序连接到它。

python django
1个回答
7
投票

使用用户模型和旧数据库时，需要考虑几件事情。

在Django中有四个User选项构建它，你在这里尝试做的不是它们中的任何一个。

第一个选项是使用默认的User模型，第二个选项是使用AbstractUser模型，第三个选项是AbstractBaseUser，第四个选项是从相关模型链接回来。

你在这里尝试做的是使用AbstractUser选项，但这不是那样的。 AbstractUser选项使用基础User模型中的所有字段+模型中定义的其他字段。

AbstractBaseUser是裸骨选项，使用默认User模型中的三个字段：password，last_login，is_active以及您在模型中定义的任何其他字段。

要使其工作，您需要运行makemigrations和migrate，这将创建User模型，其中包含last_login等字段以及所有其他字段。但你不能这样做，因为你正在使用遗留数据库与managed = False。它的意思是：

如果为False，则不会对此模型执行数据库表创建或删除操作。如果模型表示通过其他方式创建的现有表或数据库视图，则此选项非常有用。

这意味着使用遗留数据库和managed = False选项，您将无法进行迁移和迁移，这意味着User模型的Django选项都不可能，因为您将始终缺少一个或另一个字段。

如果您要使用遗留数据库和您自己的用户模型，那么您需要深入研究Django并重写（覆盖）至少身份验证，登录和注销功能，因为它们不适用于您的Users模型。您不能只复制使用EntityFramework创建的数据库（我假设）并期望它可以与Django一起使用。

你有或多或少三个理智的选择：

  1. 来自遗留数据库的沟渠Users模型（您不必删除它，只需将其从AbstractBase更改为models.Model）并在Django中设置您自己的模型，然后仅使用旧数据库来存储数据。
  2. 如果您被允许对遗留数据库执行“任何”操作，请切换managed = True所需的表，删除与User模型中的Django Users模型冲突的字段，进行迁移和迁移。
  3. 创建新数据库并将数据从旧数据库复制到新数据库。
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