在Rust的单个链表中实现.pop()的更好方法是什么?

问题描述 投票:2回答:1

我已经在Rust中实现了我自己版本的单链表,这是我学习它的挑战之一,除了.pop()方法之外,我对我所拥有的一切感到满意。使用2 while循环是非常丑陋和低效的,但我发现没有其他方法可以解决在索引len() - 2设置节点的问题 - 无(弹出列表),并使用索引节点的数据len() - 1表示Some(data)返回值(返回弹出的元素)。

GitHub Link

pub struct SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    head: Option<Box<Node<T>>>,
}

struct Node<T> {
    data: T,
    next: Option<Box<Node<T>>>,
}

impl<T> Default for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        SimpleLinkedList { head: None }
    }
}

impl<T: Copy> Clone for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        let mut cur = &self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = &node.next;
            out.push(node.data)
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<T> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Default::default()
    }

    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        let mut c = 0;
        let mut cur = &self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = &node.next;
            c += 1;
        }
        c
    }

    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() == 0
    }

    pub fn push(&mut self, _element: T) {
        let mut cur = &mut self.head;
        match cur {
            Some(_) => {
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                }
            }
            None => (),
        }
        *cur = Some(Box::from(Node {
            data: _element,
            next: None,
        }));
    }

    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T>
    where
        T: Copy,
    {
        let length = &self.len();
        let mut cur = &mut self.head;
        let mut out = None;
        match cur {
            Some(_) if *length > 1usize => {
                let mut c = 0usize;
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                    if c >= length - 1 {
                        out = Some(node.data);
                        break;
                    }
                    c += 1;
                }

                c = 0usize;
                cur = &mut self.head;
                while let Some(node) = cur {
                    cur = &mut node.next;
                    if c == length - 2 {
                        break;
                    }
                    c += 1;
                }
            }
            Some(node) => out = Some(node.data),
            None => (),
        }
        *cur = None;
        out
    }

    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T> {
        let cur = &self.head;
        match cur {
            Some(node) => Some(&node.data),
            None => None,
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Copy> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    pub fn rev(&self) -> SimpleLinkedList<T> {
        let mut clone = self.clone();
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        while let Some(val) = clone.pop() {
            out.push(val)
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Copy> From<&'a [T]> for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn from(_item: &[T]) -> Self {
        let mut out: SimpleLinkedList<T> = SimpleLinkedList::new();
        for &e in _item.iter() {
            out.push(e);
        }
        out
    }
}

impl<T> Into<Vec<T>> for SimpleLinkedList<T> {
    fn into(self) -> Vec<T> {
        let mut out: Vec<T> = Vec::new();
        let mut cur = self.head;
        while let Some(node) = cur {
            cur = node.next;
            out.push(node.data)
        }
        out
    }
}
linked-list rust singly-linked-list
1个回答
1
投票

您可以通过跟踪您看到的最后一个元素(然后在最后更新它)来避免重新遍历列表。

如果你对如何做到这一点很天真,你就会遇到麻烦;您的“上一个”指针保留列表其余部分的所有权,借用检查程序将不允许这样做。诀窍是在你去的时候打破这个链接 - 为此你可以使用mem::replace函数。完成后,必须先将其恢复,然后再次丢失对上一个节点的跟踪。

这就是完全看起来的样子(你必须原谅我对unwrap的自由使用 - 我认为它让事情更清晰):

pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T>
    where T : Copy,
{
    use std::mem::replace;

    let curr = replace(&mut self.head, None);

    if curr.is_none() { // list started off empty; nothing to pop
        return None;
    }

    let mut curr = curr.unwrap(); // safe because of the check above

    if let None = curr.next { // popped the last element
        return Some(curr.data);
    }

    let mut prev_next = &mut self.head;

    while curr.next.is_some() {
        // Take ownership of the next element
        let nnext = replace(&mut curr.next, None).unwrap();

        // Update the previous element's "next" field
        *prev_next = Some(curr);

        // Progress to the next element
        curr = nnext;

        // Progress our pointer to the previous element's "next" field
        prev_next = &mut prev_next.as_mut().unwrap().next;

    }

    return Some(curr.data);
}

顺便说一下,如果你愿意稍微更改一下接口以便我们每次返回一个“新”列表(在pop函数中获取所有权),或者使用持久数据结构,所有这个指针改组都会简化很多。在Learning Rust with entirely too many linked lists做的(已经在评论中提到):

pub fn pop_replace(self) -> (Option<T>, Self) {
    // freely mutate self and all the nodes
}

您将使用哪个:

let elem, list = list.pop();
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