在C中生成一个随机的32位十六进制值

问题描述 投票:1回答:3

在C中生成随机的32位十六进制值的最佳方法是什么?在我当前的实现中,我分别生成每个位,但是输出不是完全随机的……许多值重复了几次。生成整个随机数而不是分别生成每个位更好吗?

随机数应使用整个32位地址空间(0x00000000至0xffffffff)

file = fopen(tracefile,"wb"); // create file
for(numberofAddress = 0; numberofAddress<10000; numberofAddress++){ //create 10000 address
    if(numberofAddress!=0)
        fprintf(file,"\n"); //start a new line, but not on the first one

    fprintf(file, "0 ");
    int space;

    for(space = 0; space<8; space++){ //remove any 0 from the left
        hexa_address = rand() % 16;
        if(hexa_address != 0){
            fprintf(file,"%x", hexa_address);
            space++;
            break;
        }
        else if(hexa_address == 0 && space == 7){ //in condition of 00000000
            fprintf(file,"%x", "0");
            space++;
        }
    }

    for(space; space<8; space++){ //continue generating the remaining address
        hexa_address = rand() % 16;
        fprintf(file,"%x", hexa_address);
    }

}
c random hex
3个回答
10
投票
x = rand() & 0xff;
x |= (rand() & 0xff) << 8;
x |= (rand() & 0xff) << 16;
x |= (rand() & 0xff) << 24;

return x;

rand()不返回完整的随机32位整数。上次我检查它在02^15之间返回。 (我认为这取决于实现。)因此,您必须多次调用它并屏蔽它。


0
投票

用这种方法。它创建的数字比以前的逻辑大。如果您对MSB感兴趣,则下面的逻辑很好。:

/** x = rand() ^ rand()<<1; **/

#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
    int i, n;

    n = 50;
    uint x,y ;
    //4294967295 :UNIT_MAX
    /* Intializes random number generator */
    srand((unsigned) time(0));

    for( i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ ) {

        /**WAY 1 **/
        x = rand() ^ rand()<<1;

        printf("x:%u\t",x);
        printf("Difference1:(4294967295 - %u) = %u\n",x,(4294967295 - x));

        /**WAY 2 **/
        y  = rand() & 0xff;
        y |= (rand() & 0xff) << 8;
        y |= (rand() & 0xff) << 16;
        y |= (rand() & 0xff) << 24;
        printf("y:%u\t",y);
        printf("Difference2:(4294967295 - %u) = %u\n",y,(4294967295 - y));

        printf("Difference between two is = %u\n",(x) - (y));


    }
    printf("End\n");

    return(0);
}

-1
投票

您可以创建any至少32位宽的随机数,并将其格式化为十六进制。示例:

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

uint32_t n;

n = mrand48();    // #1
n = rand();       // #2

FILE * f = fopen("/dev/urandom", "rb");
fread(&n, sizeof(uint32_t), 1, f);  // #3

// ... etc. etc. E.g. Windows Crypto API

char hex[9];
sprintf(hex, "%08X", n);

现在hex是一个包含八个随机十六进制数字的字符串。不要忘了为各种伪随机数生成器添加种子(分别为#1和#2使用srand48()srand())。由于本质上您必须使用至少一个32位整数从随机源中植入PRNG,因此您也可以直接点击随机源(除非您使用的是time()或类似的“非随机”对象) 。

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