我觉得我在这里遗漏了一些非常明显的东西。我有一些类需要使用 .NET Core
IOptions
模式(?)注入选项。当我对该类进行单元测试时,我想模拟选项的各种版本以验证该类的功能。有谁知道如何在启动类之外正确模拟/实例化/填充IOptions<T>
?
以下是我正在使用的课程的一些示例:
设置/选项模型
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace OptionsSample.Models
{
public class SampleOptions
{
public string FirstSetting { get; set; }
public int SecondSetting { get; set; }
}
}
要测试的类使用设置:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OptionsSample.Models
using System.Net.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System.Dynamic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
namespace OptionsSample.Repositories
{
public class SampleRepo : ISampleRepo
{
private SampleOptions _options;
private ILogger<AzureStorageQueuePassthru> _logger;
public SampleRepo(IOptions<SampleOptions> options)
{
_options = options.Value;
}
public async Task Get()
{
}
}
}
在与其他类不同的程序集中进行单元测试:
using OptionsSample.Repositories;
using OptionsSample.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xunit;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
namespace OptionsSample.Repositories.Tests
{
public class SampleRepoTests
{
private IOptions<SampleOptions> _options;
private SampleRepo _sampleRepo;
public SampleRepoTests()
{
//Not sure how to populate IOptions<SampleOptions> here
_options = options;
_sampleRepo = new SampleRepo(_options);
}
}
}
您需要手动创建并填充一个
IOptions<SampleOptions>
对象。您可以通过 Microsoft.Extensions.Options.Options
辅助类来完成此操作。例如:
IOptions<SampleOptions> someOptions = Options.Create<SampleOptions>(new SampleOptions());
您可以将其简化为:
var someOptions = Options.Create(new SampleOptions());
显然这并不是很有用。您需要实际创建并填充 SampleOptions 对象并将其传递到 Create 方法中。
如果您打算使用评论中@TSeng指出的Mocking Framework,则需要在project.json文件中添加以下依赖项。
"Moq": "4.6.38-alpha",
一旦恢复依赖关系,使用 MOQ 框架就像创建 SampleOptions 类的实例一样简单,然后如上所述将其分配给 Value。
这是一个代码概述,它的外观。
SampleOptions app = new SampleOptions(){Title="New Website Title Mocked"}; // Sample property
// Make sure you include using Moq;
var mock = new Mock<IOptions<SampleOptions>>();
// We need to set the Value of IOptions to be the SampleOptions Class
mock.Setup(ap => ap.Value).Returns(app);
设置模拟后,您现在可以将模拟对象传递给构造函数
SampleRepo sr = new SampleRepo(mock.Object);
HTH。
仅供参考,我有一个 git 存储库,它在 Github/patvin80
上概述了这两种方法您完全可以避免使用最小起订量。 在测试 .json 配置文件中使用。一个文件可容纳多个测试类文件。在这种情况下使用
ConfigurationBuilder
就可以了。
appsetting.json 示例
{
"someService" {
"someProp": "someValue
}
}
设置映射类示例:
public class SomeServiceConfiguration
{
public string SomeProp { get; set; }
}
需要测试的服务示例:
public class SomeService
{
public SomeService(IOptions<SomeServiceConfiguration> config)
{
_config = config ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(_config));
}
}
NUnit 测试类:
[TestFixture]
public class SomeServiceTests
{
private IOptions<SomeServiceConfiguration> _config;
private SomeService _service;
[OneTimeSetUp]
public void GlobalPrepare()
{
var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false)
.Build();
_config = Options.Create(configuration.GetSection("someService").Get<SomeServiceConfiguration>());
}
[SetUp]
public void PerTestPrepare()
{
_service = new SomeService(_config);
}
}
您始终可以通过 Options.Create() 创建选项,而不是在实际创建您正在测试的存储库的模拟实例之前简单地使用 AutoMocker.Use(options) 。使用 AutoMocker.CreateInstance<>() 可以更轻松地创建实例,无需手动传递参数
我对 SampleRepo 进行了一些更改,以便能够重现我认为您想要实现的行为。
public class SampleRepoTests
{
private readonly AutoMocker _mocker = new AutoMocker();
private readonly ISampleRepo _sampleRepo;
private readonly IOptions<SampleOptions> _options = Options.Create(new SampleOptions()
{FirstSetting = "firstSetting"});
public SampleRepoTests()
{
_mocker.Use(_options);
_sampleRepo = _mocker.CreateInstance<SampleRepo>();
}
[Fact]
public void Test_Options_Injected()
{
var firstSetting = _sampleRepo.GetFirstSetting();
Assert.True(firstSetting == "firstSetting");
}
}
public class SampleRepo : ISampleRepo
{
private SampleOptions _options;
public SampleRepo(IOptions<SampleOptions> options)
{
_options = options.Value;
}
public string GetFirstSetting()
{
return _options.FirstSetting;
}
}
public interface ISampleRepo
{
string GetFirstSetting();
}
public class SampleOptions
{
public string FirstSetting { get; set; }
}
使用 Microsoft.Extensions.Options.Options 类:
var someOptions= Options.Create(new SampleOptions(){Field1="Value1",Field2="Value2"});
或
var someOptions= Options.Create(new SampleOptions{Field1="Value1",Field2="Value2"});
给定类
Person
取决于 PersonSettings
,如下所示:
public class PersonSettings
{
public string Name;
}
public class Person
{
PersonSettings _settings;
public Person(IOptions<PersonSettings> settings)
{
_settings = settings.Value;
}
public string Name => _settings.Name;
}
IOptions<PersonSettings>
可以被模拟,Person
可以测试如下:
[TestFixture]
public class Test
{
ServiceProvider _provider;
[OneTimeSetUp]
public void Setup()
{
var services = new ServiceCollection();
// mock PersonSettings
services.AddTransient<IOptions<PersonSettings>>(
provider => Options.Create<PersonSettings>(new PersonSettings
{
Name = "Matt"
}));
_provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
}
[Test]
public void TestName()
{
IOptions<PersonSettings> options = _provider.GetService<IOptions<PersonSettings>>();
Assert.IsNotNull(options, "options could not be created");
Person person = new Person(options);
Assert.IsTrue(person.Name == "Matt", "person is not Matt");
}
}
要将
IOptions<PersonSettings>
注入 Person
而不是将其显式传递给 ctor,请使用以下代码:
[TestFixture]
public class Test
{
ServiceProvider _provider;
[OneTimeSetUp]
public void Setup()
{
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddTransient<IOptions<PersonSettings>>(
provider => Options.Create<PersonSettings>(new PersonSettings
{
Name = "Matt"
}));
services.AddTransient<Person>();
_provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
}
[Test]
public void TestName()
{
Person person = _provider.GetService<Person>();
Assert.IsNotNull(person, "person could not be created");
Assert.IsTrue(person.Name == "Matt", "person is not Matt");
}
}
这是另一种简单的方法,不需要 Mock,而是使用 OptionsWrapper:
var myAppSettingsOptions = new MyAppSettingsOptions();
appSettingsOptions.MyObjects = new MyObject[]{new MyObject(){MyProp1 = "one", MyProp2 = "two", }};
var optionsWrapper = new OptionsWrapper<MyAppSettingsOptions>(myAppSettingsOptions );
var myClassToTest = new MyClassToTest(optionsWrapper);
对于我的系统和集成测试,我更喜欢在测试项目中拥有配置文件的副本/链接。然后我使用 ConfigurationBuilder 来获取选项。
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
namespace SomeProject.Test
{
public static class TestEnvironment
{
private static object configLock = new object();
public static ServiceProvider ServiceProvider { get; private set; }
public static T GetOption<T>()
{
lock (configLock)
{
if (ServiceProvider != null) return (T)ServiceProvider.GetServices(typeof(T)).First();
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("config/appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
var configuration = builder.Build();
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddOptions();
services.Configure<ProductOptions>(configuration.GetSection("Products"));
services.Configure<MonitoringOptions>(configuration.GetSection("Monitoring"));
services.Configure<WcfServiceOptions>(configuration.GetSection("Services"));
ServiceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
return (T)ServiceProvider.GetServices(typeof(T)).First();
}
}
}
}
这样我就可以在 TestProject 中的任何地方使用该配置。对于单元测试,我更喜欢使用像 patvin80 所描述的最小起订量。
这里是使用测试 IOptions 和 IOptionsMonitor 的示例代码
要了解更多信息,Steve Gordon 提供了关于 在 .NET Core 中使用配置和选项 的精彩课程,其中解释了如何测试 IOptions
首先在根单元TestProject中添加“appsettings.json”文件
然后使用此代码:
private readonly Mock _fileRepMock;
private IOptions _options;
public FileServiceTest()
{
_fileRepMock = new Mock();
var config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
.AddEnvironmentVariables()
.Build();
_options = Options.Create(config.GetSection("File").Get());
}
现在您可以在模拟存储库中使用_options
FileService fileService = new FileService(_fileRepMock.Object, _options);
同意 Aleha 的观点,使用 testSettings.json 配置文件可能更好。
然后,您可以简单地在类构造函数中注入真正的 SampleOptions,而不是注入 IOption
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("testSettings.json", true, true)
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
var configurationRoot = builder.Build();
configurationRoot.GetSection("SampleRepo").Bind(_sampleRepo);
老话题,但想与静态帮助器类分享这种方式
// Configure default options or specified ones
public static void Configure(this Mock<IOptions<MyOptions>> mock, MyOptions options = null)
=> mock.Setup(x => x.Value).Returns(options ?? new MyOptions());
// You can define your common configurations in this class
static readonly MyOptions Config2 = new()
{
FirstSetting = "value2"
};
测试课
// Create tested class with options mock
Mock<IOptions<MyOptions>> options = new();
var myTestedClass = new MyTestClass(options.Object)
// Init or arrange test with default option object
options.Configure();
// Arrange test with a common option object
options.Configure(Config2);
// Arrange test with specified option object
options.Configure(new MyOptions()
{
FirstSetting = "value3"
});
如第一条评论中所述:使用 new() 然后设置你的模拟 IOptions.Value