如何使用 psql 命令在 PostgreSQL 中执行相当于 Oracle
DESCRIBE TABLE
的操作?
除了 PostgreSQL 方式(\d 'something' 或 \dt 'table' 或 \ds 'sequence' 等等)
SQL标准方式,如图这里:
select column_name, data_type, character_maximum_length, column_default, is_nullable
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_name = '<name of table>';
许多数据库引擎都支持它。
如果您想通过查询而不是psql获取它,您可以查询目录模式。这是一个执行此操作的复杂查询:
SELECT
f.attnum AS number,
f.attname AS name,
f.attnum,
f.attnotnull AS notnull,
pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS primarykey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS uniquekey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
END AS foreignkey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
END AS foreignkey_fieldnum,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
END AS foreignkey,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
END AS foreignkey_connnum,
CASE
WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
END AS default
FROM pg_attribute f
JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid
JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum
LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char
AND n.nspname = '%s' -- Replace with Schema name
AND c.relname = '%s' -- Replace with table name
AND f.attnum > 0 ORDER BY number
;
它相当复杂,但它确实向您展示了 PostgreSQL 系统目录的强大功能和灵活性,并且应该让您走上掌握 pg_catalog 的道路;-)。请务必更改查询中的 %s。第一个是架构,第二个是表名称。
您可以使用 psql 斜线命令来做到这一点:
\d myTable describe table
它也适用于其他对象:
\d myView describe view
\d myIndex describe index
\d mySequence describe sequence
来源:faqs.org
这应该是解决方案:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
AND table_name = 'your_table'
DESCRIBE TABLE
的 psql 等效项是 \d table
。
有关更多详细信息,请参阅 PostgreSQL 手册的 psql 部分。
您可以使用
\d *search pattern *
带星号来查找与您感兴趣的搜索模式相匹配的表格。
除了您已经找到的命令行
\d+ <table_name>
之外,您还可以使用information-schema来查找列数据,使用info_schema.columns
SELECT *
FROM info_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
AND table_name = 'your_table'
使用以下SQL语句
SELECT DATA_TYPE
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name'
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'col_name'
如果替换 tbl_name 和 col_name,它将显示您要查找的特定列的数据类型。
您可以使用这个:
SELECT attname
FROM pg_attribute,pg_class
WHERE attrelid=pg_class.oid
AND relname='TableName'
AND attstattarget <>0;
在 MySQL 中,描述表名
在 PostgreSQL 中,\d table_name
或者,您可以使用这个长命令:
SELECT
a.attname AS Field,
t.typname || '(' || a.atttypmod || ')' AS Type,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = 't' THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS Null,
CASE WHEN r.contype = 'p' THEN 'PRI' ELSE '' END AS Key,
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), '\'(.*)\'')
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE
d.adrelid = a.attrelid
AND d.adnum = a.attnum
AND a.atthasdef) AS Default,
'' as Extras
FROM
pg_class c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid
JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid
AND r.conname = a.attname
WHERE
c.relname = 'tablename'
AND a.attnum > 0
ORDER BY a.attnum
查询的这种变体(如其他答案中所解释的)对我有用。
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME
FROM
information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = 'city';
这里有详细描述: http://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/
为了改进其他答案的 SQL 查询(这太棒了!),这里是一个修改后的查询。它还包括约束名称、继承信息和分解为各个组成部分的数据类型(类型、长度、精度、小数位数)。它还过滤掉已删除的列(仍存在于数据库中)。
SELECT
n.nspname as schema,
c.relname as table,
f.attname as column,
f.attnum as column_id,
f.attnotnull as not_null,
f.attislocal not_inherited,
f.attinhcount inheritance_count,
pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS data_type_full,
t.typname AS data_type_name,
CASE
WHEN f.atttypmod >= 0 AND t.typname <> 'numeric'THEN (f.atttypmod - 4) --first 4 bytes are for storing actual length of data
END AS data_type_length,
CASE
WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN (((f.atttypmod - 4) >> 16) & 65535)
END AS numeric_precision,
CASE
WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN ((f.atttypmod - 4)& 65535 )
END AS numeric_scale,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS is_primary_key,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN p.conname
END AS primary_key_name,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS is_unique_key,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN p.conname
END AS unique_key_name,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN 't'
ELSE 'f'
END AS is_foreign_key,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conname
END AS foreignkey_name,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
END AS foreign_key_columnid,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
END AS foreign_key_table,
CASE
WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
END AS foreign_key_local_column_id,
CASE
WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
END AS default_value
FROM pg_attribute f
JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid
JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum
LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char
AND f.attisdropped = false
AND n.nspname = '%s' -- Replace with Schema name
AND c.relname = '%s' -- Replace with table name
AND f.attnum > 0
ORDER BY f.attnum
;
当您的表名以大写字母开头时,您应该将表名放在引号中。
示例:
\d "Users"
在postgres中\d用于描述表结构。
例如
\d schema_name.table_name
此命令将为您提供表的基本信息,例如列、类型和修饰符。
如果您想了解更多有关桌子使用的信息
\d+ schema_name.table_name
这将为您提供额外的信息,例如存储、统计目标和描述
描述表的最佳方式,例如列、类型、列修饰符等
\d+ tablename or \d tablename
Use this command
\d table name
like
\d queuerecords
Table "public.queuerecords"
Column | Type | Modifiers
-----------+-----------------------------+-----------
id | uuid | not null
endtime | timestamp without time zone |
payload | text |
queueid | text |
starttime | timestamp without time zone |
status | text |
当您的表不是默认架构的一部分时,您应该编写:
\d+ schema_name.table_name
否则,您会收到错误消息“关系不存在。”
1) PostgreSQL 使用 psql 描述表
在 psql 命令行工具中,\d table_name 或 \d+ table_name 可查找表的列信息
2) PostgreSQL 使用 information_schema 描述表
SELECT语句查询information_schema数据库中columns表的column_names、datatype、字符最大长度;
选择 COLUMN_NAME、DATA_TYPE、CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH 来自 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 其中 table_name = 'tablename';
了解更多信息 https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/
下面的命令可以简单描述多个表
\dt <table> <table>
下面的命令可以详细描述多个表:
\d <table> <table>
下面的命令可以更详细地描述多个表:
\d+ <table> <table>
/dt 是列出数据库中存在的所有表的命令。使用
/d 命令和 /d+ 我们可以获取表的详细信息。系统语法如下
* /d 表名(或)\d+ 表名
即使请求了 psql 命令,我也会添加 pg_dump 命令。因为它生成的输出对于以前的 MySQl 用户来说更常见。
# sudo -u postgres pg_dump --table=my_table_name --schema-only mydb
要获取描述使用,
SELECT column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'table_name';
要获取索引,
SELECT indexname, indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE schemaname = 'public' AND tablename = 'table_name' ORDER BY indexname;
我制定了以下脚本来获取表模式。
'CREATE TABLE ' || 'yourschema.yourtable' || E'\n(\n' ||
array_to_string(
array_agg(
' ' || column_expr
)
, E',\n'
) || E'\n);\n'
from
(
SELECT ' ' || column_name || ' ' || data_type ||
coalesce('(' || character_maximum_length || ')', '') ||
case when is_nullable = 'YES' then ' NULL' else ' NOT NULL' end as column_expr
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema || '.' || table_name = 'yourschema.yourtable'
ORDER BY ordinal_position
) column_list;