PostgreSQL“描述表”

问题描述 投票:0回答:25

如何使用 psql 命令在 PostgreSQL 中执行相当于 Oracle

DESCRIBE TABLE
的操作?

database postgresql command psql table-structure
25个回答
3150
投票

试试这个(在

psql
命令行工具中):

\d+ tablename

请参阅手册了解更多信息。


916
投票

除了 PostgreSQL 方式(\d 'something' 或 \dt 'table' 或 \ds 'sequence' 等等)

SQL标准方式,如图这里

select column_name, data_type, character_maximum_length, column_default, is_nullable
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_name = '<name of table>';

许多数据库引擎都支持它。


79
投票

如果您想通过查询而不是psql获取它,您可以查询目录模式。这是一个执行此操作的复杂查询:

SELECT  
    f.attnum AS number,  
    f.attname AS name,  
    f.attnum,  
    f.attnotnull AS notnull,  
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS primarykey,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS uniquekey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreignkey_fieldnum,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreignkey_connnum,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
    END AS default
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 ORDER BY number
;

它相当复杂,但它确实向您展示了 PostgreSQL 系统目录的强大功能和灵活性,并且应该让您走上掌握 pg_catalog 的道路;-)。请务必更改查询中的 %s。第一个是架构,第二个是表名称。


68
投票

您可以使用 psql 斜线命令来做到这一点:

 \d myTable describe table

它也适用于其他对象:

 \d myView describe view
 \d myIndex describe index
 \d mySequence describe sequence

来源:faqs.org


48
投票

这应该是解决方案:

SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
   AND table_name   = 'your_table'

46
投票

DESCRIBE TABLE
的 psql 等效项是
\d table

有关更多详细信息,请参阅 PostgreSQL 手册的 psql 部分。


23
投票

您可以使用

\d    *search pattern    *
带星号来查找与您感兴趣的搜索模式相匹配的表格。


19
投票

除了您已经找到的命令行

\d+ <table_name>
之外,您还可以使用information-schema来查找列数据,使用info_schema.columns

SELECT *
FROM info_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'your_schema'
AND table_name   = 'your_table'

16
投票

使用以下SQL语句

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name' 
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'col_name'

如果替换 tbl_name 和 col_name,它将显示您要查找的特定列的数据类型。


15
投票

您可以使用这个:

SELECT attname 
FROM pg_attribute,pg_class 
WHERE attrelid=pg_class.oid 
AND relname='TableName' 
AND attstattarget <>0; 

11
投票

MySQL 中,描述表名


PostgreSQL 中,\d table_name


或者,您可以使用这个长命令:

SELECT
        a.attname AS Field,
        t.typname || '(' || a.atttypmod || ')' AS Type,
        CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = 't' THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS Null,
        CASE WHEN r.contype = 'p' THEN 'PRI' ELSE '' END AS Key,
        (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), '\'(.*)\'')
                FROM
                        pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
                WHERE
                        d.adrelid = a.attrelid
                        AND d.adnum = a.attnum
                        AND a.atthasdef) AS Default,
        '' as Extras
FROM
        pg_class c 
        JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.oid
        JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid
        LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint r ON c.oid = r.conrelid 
                AND r.conname = a.attname
WHERE
        c.relname = 'tablename'
        AND a.attnum > 0

ORDER BY a.attnum

9
投票

查询的这种变体(如其他答案中所解释的)对我有用。

SELECT
 COLUMN_NAME
FROM
 information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
 TABLE_NAME = 'city';

这里有详细描述: http://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/


8
投票

为了改进其他答案的 SQL 查询(这太棒了!),这里是一个修改后的查询。它还包括约束名称、继承信息和分解为各个组成部分的数据类型(类型、长度、精度、小数位数)。它还过滤掉已删除的列(仍存在于数据库中)。

SELECT
    n.nspname as schema,
    c.relname as table,
    f.attname as column,  
    f.attnum as column_id,  
    f.attnotnull as not_null,
    f.attislocal not_inherited,
    f.attinhcount inheritance_count,
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS data_type_full,
    t.typname AS data_type_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN f.atttypmod >= 0 AND t.typname <> 'numeric'THEN (f.atttypmod - 4) --first 4 bytes are for storing actual length of data
    END AS data_type_length, 
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN (((f.atttypmod - 4) >> 16) & 65535)
    END AS numeric_precision,   
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN ((f.atttypmod - 4)& 65535 )
    END AS numeric_scale,       
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS is_primary_key,  
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN p.conname
    END AS primary_key_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_unique_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN p.conname
    END AS unique_key_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN 't'
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_foreign_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conname
    END AS foreignkey_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreign_key_columnid,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreign_key_table,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreign_key_local_column_id,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
    END AS default_value
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND f.attisdropped = false
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 
ORDER BY f.attnum
;

6
投票

当您的表名以大写字母开头时,您应该将表名放在引号中。

示例:

\d "Users"


5
投票

您还可以使用以下查询进行检查

Select * from schema_name.table_name limit 0;

示例:我的表有 2 列 name 和 pwd。下面给出截图。

*使用PG admin3


5
投票

在postgres中\d用于描述表结构。

例如

\d schema_name.table_name

此命令将为您提供表的基本信息,例如列、类型和修饰符。

如果您想了解更多有关桌子使用的信息

\d+ schema_name.table_name

这将为您提供额外的信息,例如存储、统计目标和描述


4
投票

描述表的最佳方式,例如列、类型、列修饰符等

\d+ tablename or \d tablename

3
投票
Use this command 

\d table name

like 

\d queuerecords

             Table "public.queuerecords"
  Column   |            Type             | Modifiers
-----------+-----------------------------+-----------
 id        | uuid                        | not null
 endtime   | timestamp without time zone |
 payload   | text                        |
 queueid   | text                        |
 starttime | timestamp without time zone |
 status    | text                        |

2
投票

当您的表不是默认架构的一部分时,您应该编写:

\d+ schema_name.table_name

否则,您会收到错误消息“关系不存在。”


1
投票

1) PostgreSQL 使用 psql 描述表

在 psql 命令行工具中,\d table_name\d+ table_name 可查找表的列信息

2) PostgreSQL 使用 information_schema 描述表

SELECT语句查询information_schema数据库中columns表的column_names、datatype、字符最大长度;

选择 COLUMN_NAME、DATA_TYPE、CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH 来自 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 其中 table_name = 'tablename';

了解更多信息 https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/


1
投票

下面的命令可以简单描述多个表

\dt <table> <table>

下面的命令可以详细描述多个表:

\d <table> <table>

下面的命令可以更详细地描述多个表:

\d+ <table> <table>

0
投票

/dt 是列出数据库中存在的所有表的命令。使用
/d 命令和 /d+ 我们可以获取表的详细信息。系统语法如下
* /d 表名(或)\d+ 表名


0
投票

即使请求了 psql 命令,我也会添加 pg_dump 命令。因为它生成的输出对于以前的 MySQl 用户来说更常见。

# sudo -u postgres pg_dump --table=my_table_name --schema-only mydb


0
投票

要获取描述使用,

SELECT  column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'table_name';

要获取索引,

SELECT indexname, indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE schemaname = 'public' AND tablename = 'table_name' ORDER BY indexname;

-2
投票

我制定了以下脚本来获取表模式。

'CREATE TABLE ' || 'yourschema.yourtable' || E'\n(\n' ||
array_to_string(
array_agg(
'    ' || column_expr
)
, E',\n'
) || E'\n);\n'
from
(
SELECT '    ' || column_name || ' ' || data_type || 
coalesce('(' || character_maximum_length || ')', '') || 
case when is_nullable = 'YES' then ' NULL' else ' NOT NULL' end as column_expr
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema || '.' || table_name = 'yourschema.yourtable'
ORDER BY ordinal_position
) column_list;
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