根据最大值连接表

Question

这是我正在讨论的一个简化示例：

Table: students      exam_results
_____________       ____________________________________
| id | name |       | id | student_id | score |   date |
|----+------|       |----+------------+-------+--------|
|  1 | Jim  |       |  1 |          1 |    73 | 8/1/09 | 
|  2 | Joe  |       |  2 |          1 |    67 | 9/2/09 |
|  3 | Jay  |       |  3 |          1 |    93 | 1/3/09 |
|____|______|       |  4 |          2 |    27 | 4/9/09 |
                    |  5 |          2 |    17 | 8/9/09 |
                    |  6 |          3 |   100 | 1/6/09 |
                    |____|____________|_______|________|

对于这个问题，假设每个学生至少记录了一份考试成绩。

您将如何选择每个学生及其最高分？编辑：...以及该记录中的其他字段？

预期输出：

_________________________
| name | score |   date |
|------+-------|--------|
|  Jim |    93 | 1/3/09 |
|  Joe |    27 | 4/9/09 |
|  Jay |   100 | 1/6/09 |
|______|_______|________|

欢迎使用所有类型的 DBMS 提供答案。

Answer 1

回答编辑的问题（即也获取关联的列）。

在 Sql Server 2005+ 中，最好的方法是将排名/窗口函数与CTE结合使用，如下所示：

with exam_data as
(
    select  r.student_id, r.score, r.date,
            row_number() over(partition by r.student_id order by r.score desc) as rn
    from    exam_results r
)
select  s.name, d.score, d.date, d.student_id
from    students s
join    exam_data d
on      s.id = d.student_id
where   d.rn = 1;

对于符合 ANSI-SQL 的解决方案，子查询和自联接将起作用，如下所示：

select  s.name, r.student_id, r.score, r.date
from    (
            select  r.student_id, max(r.score) as max_score
            from    exam_results r
            group by r.student_id
        ) d
join    exam_results r
on      r.student_id = d.student_id
and     r.score = d.max_score
join    students s
on      s.id = r.student_id;

最后一个假设不存在重复的 Student_id/max_score 组合，如果存在和/或您想要计划删除它们，您将需要使用另一个子查询来加入确定性的内容来决定要删除哪条记录拉。例如，假设您不能拥有同一日期的给定学生的多个记录，如果您想根据最近的 max_score 打破平局，您可以执行如下操作：

select  s.name, r3.student_id, r3.score, r3.date, r3.other_column_a, ...
from    (
            select  r2.student_id, r2.score as max_score, max(r2.date) as max_score_max_date
            from    (
                        select  r1.student_id, max(r1.score) as max_score
                        from    exam_results r1
                        group by r1.student_id
                    ) d
            join    exam_results r2
            on      r2.student_id = d.student_id
            and     r2.score = d.max_score
            group by r2.student_id, r2.score
        ) r
join    exam_results r3
on      r3.student_id = r.student_id
and     r3.score = r.max_score
and     r3.date = r.max_score_max_date
join    students s
on      s.id = r3.student_id;

编辑：由于马克在评论中的出色表现，添加了正确的去重复查询

Answer 2

SELECT s.name,
    COALESCE(MAX(er.score), 0) AS high_score
FROM STUDENTS s
    LEFT JOIN EXAM_RESULTS er ON er.student_id = s.id
GROUP BY s.name

Answer 3

试试这个，

Select student.name, max(result.score) As Score from Student
        INNER JOIN
    result
        ON student.ID = result.student_id
GROUP BY
    student.name

Answer 4

使用 Oracle 的分析函数，这很容易：

SELECT DISTINCT
       students.name
      ,FIRST_VALUE(exam_results.score)
       OVER (PARTITION BY students.id
             ORDER BY exam_results.score DESC) AS score
      ,FIRST_VALUE(exam_results.date)
       OVER (PARTITION BY students.id
             ORDER BY exam_results.score DESC) AS date
FROM   students, exam_results
WHERE  students.id = exam_results.student_id;

Answer 5

Select Name, T.Score, er. date 
from Students S inner join
          (Select Student_ID,Max(Score) as Score from Exam_Results
           Group by Student_ID) T 
On S.id=T.Student_ID inner join Exam_Result er
On er.Student_ID = T.Student_ID And er.Score=T.Score

Answer 6

使用 MS SQL Server：

SELECT name, score, date FROM exam_results
JOIN students ON student_id = students.id
JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT student_id FROM exam_results) T1
ON exam_results.student_id = T1.student_id
WHERE exam_results.id = (
    SELECT TOP(1) id FROM exam_results T2
    WHERE exam_results.student_id = T2.student_id
    ORDER BY score DESC, date ASC)

如果分数相同，则返回最早的日期（将

date ASC

更改为

date DESC

以返回最近的日期）。

输出：

Jim 93  2009-01-03 00:00:00.000
Joe 27  2009-04-09 00:00:00.000
Jay 100 2009-01-06 00:00:00.000

测试台：

CREATE TABLE students(id int , name nvarchar(20) );

CREATE TABLE exam_results(id int , student_id int , score int, date datetime);

INSERT INTO students
VALUES
(1,'Jim'),(2,'Joe'),(3,'Jay')

INSERT INTO exam_results VALUES
(1, 1, 73, '8/1/09'), 
(2, 1, 93, '9/2/09'),
(3, 1, 93, '1/3/09'),
(4, 2, 27, '4/9/09'),
(5, 2, 17, '8/9/09'),
(6, 3, 100, '1/6/09')

SELECT name, score, date FROM exam_results
JOIN students ON student_id = students.id
JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT student_id FROM exam_results) T1
ON exam_results.student_id = T1.student_id
WHERE exam_results.id = (
    SELECT TOP(1) id FROM exam_results T2
    WHERE exam_results.student_id = T2.student_id
    ORDER BY score DESC, date ASC)

在 MySQL 上，我认为您可以将语句末尾的 TOP(1) 更改为 LIMIT 1。不过我还没有测试过。

Answer 7

select  s.id, s.name, e.score, e.date
from    students s
join    exam_result e      on      s.id = e.student_id
join    exam_result e1     on      s.id = e1.student_id
group by s.name, e.date, e.student_id
having e.score = max(e1.score);

你可以试试这个。很适合我