在 Windows 中安装 ruby 时，我收到此错误 ERROR: 无法构建 gem 本机扩展且未找到 yaml.h

Question

这是整个错误：

C:\Users\prati>gem install rails
Using rubygems directory: C:/Users/prati/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.2.0
Temporarily enhancing PATH for MSYS/MINGW...
Installing required msys2 packages: mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-libyaml
warning: Public keyring not found; have you run 'pacman-key --init'?
error: clangarm64: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: mingw32: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: mingw64: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: ucrt64: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: clang32: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: clang64: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: msys: key "5F944B027F7FE2091985AA2EFA11531AA0AA7F57" is unknown
error: keyring is not writable
error: database 'clangarm64' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'mingw32' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'mingw64' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'ucrt64' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'clang32' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'clang64' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'msys' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
pacman failed with the following output:
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/Users/prati/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.2.0/gems/psych-5.1.2/ext/psych
C:/Ruby32-x64/bin/ruby.exe extconf.rb
checking for yaml.h... no
yaml.h not found
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=C:/Ruby32-x64/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-libyaml-source-dir
        --without-libyaml-source-dir
        --with-yaml-0.1-dir
        --without-yaml-0.1-dir
        --with-yaml-0.1-include
        --without-yaml-0.1-include=${yaml-0.1-dir}/include
        --with-yaml-0.1-lib
        --without-yaml-0.1-lib=${yaml-0.1-dir}/lib
        --with-yaml-0.1-config
        --without-yaml-0.1-config
        --with-pkg-config
        --without-pkg-config
        --with-libyaml-dir
        --without-libyaml-dir
        --with-libyaml-include
        --without-libyaml-include=${libyaml-dir}/include
        --with-libyaml-lib
        --without-libyaml-lib=${libyaml-dir}/lib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  C:/Users/prati/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.2.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.2.0/psych-5.1.2/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in C:/Users/prati/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.2.0/gems/psych-5.1.2 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/Users/prati/.local/share/gem/ruby/3.2.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.2.0/psych-5.1.2/gem_make.out

我已经尝试过了

pacman-key --init

但它也给出了这个错误：

“pacman-key”不被识别为内部或外部命令， 可运行的程序或批处理文件。

我也在chatGPT上搜索过如何在windows 11中安装yaml.h，它说：

对于 Windows，您通常不需要像在类 Unix 系统上那样单独安装额外的开发标头。

Answer 1

运行

rails new

后在 Linux 上遇到了同样的问题，修复它的是使用发行版的包管理器安装

libyaml-devel

。