我想要做的是重新组织我的相机胶卷文件夹中的文件。使用创建日期我希望使用创建日期根据年/月格式将它们放入文件夹中。
在这个答案中，他们解释了如何制作文件夹并组织它们：https://stackoverflow.com/a/1314394/4980886
#!/bin/bash
find $PHOTO_DIR -regextype posix-extended -type d -regex '.*/[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/[0-9]{2}$' |
while read dir; do
newdir="$(echo $dir | sed 's@/\([0-9]\{4\}\)/\([0-9]\{2\}\)/\([0-9]\{2\}\)$@/\1-\2-\3@')"
mv "$dir" "$newdir"
rmdir "$(dirname $dir)"
rmdir "$(dirname $(dirname $dir))"
done
但它没有解决如何获得创建日期，也许我应该从EXIF数据中获取元数据。怎么办？
根据exiftool手册页'Renaming examples'
exiftool '-Directory<DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d "$dir"
如果只需要复制，有一个选项：
exiftool -o . '-Directory<DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d "$dir"
具有与上述相同的效果，除了复制文件而不是移动文件。
我已经写了一个bash脚本来直接从我的iphone / ipad复制文件，并根据图像创建日期将它们复制到目标驱动器上的文件夹中。我在exiftool使用了一个名为http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/的程序
对于给定的图像，我使用创建日期时间到数组中
DATEBITS=( $(exiftool -CreateDate -FileModifyDate -DateTimeOriginal "$IMGFILE" | awk -F: '{ print $2 ":" $3 ":" $4 ":" $5 ":" $6 }' | sed 's/+[0-9]*//' | sort | grep -v 1970: | cut -d: -f1-6 | tr ':' ' ' | head -1) )
其中$IMGFILE是图像文件的路径。然后，您可以使用访问年，月，日等
YR=${DATEBITS[0]}
MTH=${DATEBITS[1]}
DAY=${DATEBITS[2]}
HR=${DATEBITS[3]}
MIN=${DATEBITS[4]}
SEC=${DATEBITS[5]}
然后，创建存储图像文件所需的目录是微不足道的
我一直在努力为妈妈自1997年以来拍摄的14,000张照片进行排序。这是一只熊，因为并非所有的数码相机，特别是早期的数码相机，都在图像文件中使用了'CreateDate'标签。
如果可能的话，我编写了以下BASH脚本来执行基于EXIF数据的排序。它首先查找EXIF'CreateDate'标记。如果找到，它会使用它。如果没有，它会查找文件名的前8个字符，以查看它们是否为有效日期（ANDROID等）。如果两个测试都不是正面的，它会查找EXIF'FileModifyDate'标记，这可能是不准确的。如果找到EXIF'CreateDate'，日期前缀（YYYMMDD-）将被添加到文件名（如果它尚不存在），然后它将被移动到它的相应目录中。如果所有三个测试都失败，则保留文件以供用户干预。
如果你很幸运，并且相机支持它，并且摄影师启用了它，那么日期可能会印在图像上。我必须以这种方式对许多照片进行排序，因此请务必查看未处理的照片以及使用EXIF“FileModifyDate”排序方法的照片。
此外，如果您发现某些柯达PCD图片文件，您可以使用ImageMajick的“转换”，如下所示：
convert $OrigFileName[$SUFX] -colorspace RGB "$(basename $OrigFileName .pcd).jpg"
但是，ImageMajick并不总是将所有标签复制到新的图像文件，但您可以使用EXIFTOOL将标签传输到新的图像文件，如下所示：
exiftool -tagsFromFile $OrigFileName $(basename $OrigFileName .pcd).jpg
希望这可以帮助。
和平与祝福，约翰尼奎斯特
#! /bin/bash
# This script is used to sort photos. It uses the EXIFTOOL to
# 1st attempt to extract the photo's "CreateDate". If it is
# invalid, then the file name is checked to see if it begins
# with "YYYYMMDD", which is also checked for validity. If the
# prior two checks fail, then the photo's "FileModifyDate" is
# used but can be inaccurate.
# If a valid creation date is found and the file name is NOT
# date-encoded, then the file is renamed with a "YYYYMMDD-"
# prefix.
#=======================================================================
# Revision index:
# 2019-0704: KSV - Created and tested.
#=======================================================================
DEBUG=0 # Debugging
DRYRUN=0 # Do everything but move the files
NOTE="" # Notes
# ANSI COLORS
CRE="$(echo -e '\r\033[K')"
RED="$(echo -e '\033[1;31m')"
GRN="$(echo -e '\033[1;32m')"
YEL="$(echo -e '\033[1;33m')"
BLU="$(echo -e '\033[1;34m')"
MAG="$(echo -e '\033[1;35m')"
CYN="$(echo -e '\033[1;36m')"
WHT="$(echo -e '\033[1;37m')"
NML="$(echo -e '\033[0;39m')"
#=======================================================================
# Functions
#=======================================================================
# Enter with: YEAR, MONTH and DAY
# Returns: 0=invalid date, 1=valid date
# EX: IsValidDate $YEAR $MONTH $DAY
IsValidDate() {
#echo "Parm: Y=$1,${#1} M=$2,${#2} D=$3,${#3}" >/dev/stderr
if ([ "$1" -ge "1950" ] && [ "$1" -le "2050" ]) || \
([ "$2" -ge "01" ] && [ "$2" -le "12" ]) || \
([ "$3" -ge "01" ] && [ "$3" -le "31" ]) ; then
echo "1" # valid date
else
echo "0" # invalid date
fi
}
# Dump debugging info
# EX: $(DumpDebug $FN $FILE $EXT $FN_WD $DATE $YEAR $MONTH $DAY "$NOTE")
DumpDebug() {
#echo "1=${#FN}, 2=${#FILE}, 3=${#EXT}, 4=${#FN_WD}, 5=${#DATE}, 6=${#YEAR}, 7=${#MONTH}, 8=${#DAY}, 9=${#NOTE}" >/dev/stderr
echo "================================"
echo "FN = $1"
echo "FILE = $2"
echo "EXT = $3"
echo "FN_WD = $4"
echo "DATE = $5"
echo "YEAR = $6"
echo "MONTH = $7"
echo "DAY = $8"
echo "ValidDate = $(IsValidDate $6 $7 $8)"
echo "NOTE = $9"
echo "================================"
}
#=======================================================================
# Script starts here
#=======================================================================
# Use exiftool to find video and photos
#exiftool -filename *.[JjGg][PpIi][GgFf] *.[Jj][Pp][Ee][Gg] *.[Mm][PpOo][Gg4Vv] 2>/dev/null | awk {'print $4'} | \
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -iname "*.[JjGg][PpIi][GgFf]" -or \
-iname "*.[Jj][Pp][Ee][Gg]" -or \
-iname "*.[Mm][PpOo][Gg4Vv]" | \
while read FN ; do
FN=$(basename $FN) # strip the leading "./"
if [ -e $FN ] && [ ${#FN} != 0 ] ; then # be sure the file exists!
EXT=${FN##*.} # extract the extension
FILE=${FN%.*} # extract the base file name
# First attempt to see if there is a valid date prefix in the file name.
YEAR=$(echo ${FN:0:4} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
MONTH=$(echo ${FN:4:2} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
DAY=$(echo ${FN:6:2} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
DATE="$YEAR:$MONTH:$DAY" # create a DATE string
# Check the filename's derived date from for validity (not NULL strings)
# and that the date falls within the proper range
if ([ ! -z "${YEAR}" ] && [ ! -z "${MONTH}" ] && [ ! -z "${DAY}" ]) && \
[ $(IsValidDate $YEAR $MONTH $DAY) == 1 ] ; then
if [ $DEBUG == 1 ] ; then echo "ValidDate: $(IsValidDate $YEAR $MONTH $DAY)" ; fi
FN_WD=0 # date prefix exists, do not append the derived date to the filename.
else
FN_WD=1 # append the derived date prefix to the filename.
fi
# Next, attempt to find an EXIF CreateDate from the file, if it exists.
DATE=$(exiftool -s -f -CreateDate $FN | awk '{print $3}')
# Perform sanity check on correctly extracted EXIF CreateDate
if [ "${DATE}" != "-" ] && [ "${DATE}" != "0000:00:00" ] ; then
# Good date extracted, so extract the year, month and day
# of month from the EXIF info
echo "A valid ${WHT}CreateDate${NML} was found, using it."
YEAR=${DATE:0:4}
MONTH=${DATE:5:2}
DAY=${DATE:8:2}
NOTE="(by CreateDate)"
else
# EXIF CreateDate invalid or not found, so attempt to derive the
# date from the file name.
YEAR=$(echo ${FN:0:4} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
MONTH=$(echo ${FN:4:2} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
DAY=$(echo ${FN:6:2} | egrep -E ^[0-9]+$ ) # insure digits only
DATE="$YEAR:$MONTH:$DAY" # create a DATE string
# check the extracted date from filename for validity (not NULL strings)
# and that the date falls within the proper range
#if [ -z "${YEAR}" ] || [ -z "${MONTH}" ] || [ -z "${DAY}" ] ; then
if ([ ! -z "${YEAR}" ] && [ ! -z "${MONTH}" ] && [ ! -z "${DAY}" ]) && \
[ $(IsValidDate $YEAR $MONTH $DAY) == 1 ] ; then
echo "A valid ${WHT}FileNameDate${NML} was found, using it."
NOTE="(by file name)"
else
# EXIF CreateDate and FileNameDate extraction failed, so attempt
# to extract the EXIF FileModifyDate from the file, if it exists.
DATE=$(exiftool -s -f -FileModifyDate $FN | awk '{print $3}')
# Perform sanity check on correctly extracted EXIF FileModifyDate
if [ "${DATE}" != "-" ] && [ "${DATE}" != "0000:00:00" ] ; then
# Good FileModifyDate found, extract the year, month and
# day of month from the EXIF info
echo "A valid EXIF CreateDate and FileNameDate were not found!"
echo " The innacurate ${WHT}FileModifyDate${NML} will be used."
YEAR=${DATE:0:4}
MONTH=${DATE:5:2}
DAY=${DATE:8:2}
NOTE="(!inaccurate! by FileModifyDate)"
FN_WD=0 # date prefix exists, do not append the derived date to the filename.
else
echo "Invalid date retrieved!"
if [ $DEBUG == 1 ] ; then
echo "Length = ${#YEAR}-${#MONTH}-${#DAY}"
fi
echo "Skipping File: $FN..."
echo
fi
fi
fi
# Modify the filename if a valid EXIF CreateDate or FileNameDate was found.
if [ $FN_WD == 0 ] ; then
FILE=${FILE}.${EXT}
else
FILE=${YEAR}${MONTH}${DAY}-${FILE}.${EXT}
fi
# Debug output
if [ $DEBUG == 1 ] ; then DumpDebug $FN $FILE $EXT $FN_WD $DATE $YEAR $MONTH $DAY "$NOTE" ; fi
# We have a date, hopefully a good one, move the file
if [ $DRYRUN == 0 ] ; then
# create the directory structure. Pipe errors to NULL
mkdir -p $YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY >/dev/null 2>&1
# move the file to the appropriate directory
echo " -> Moving $FN to $YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY/$FILE $NOTE"
mv $FN $YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY/$FILE
echo
else
echo "Dryrun: Moving $FN to $YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY/$FILE"
echo
fi
# Clear the variables
FN=""; FILE=""; EXT=""; FN_WD=""; DATE=""; YEAR=""; MONTH=""; DAY=""; NOTE=""
else
echo
echo "File $FN not found!"
echo
fi
done