是什么导致我尝试导入matplotlib失败，我该如何修复它？ 我很抱歉，如果这是一个菜鸟问题，但是： 从本周开始，我一直无法通过Spyder进口Matplotlib。我以前没有这个问题。 我正在使用MacBook运行MacOS 15.3.1 ...

Question

我收到的错误。我已经用“ [name]”代替了我的用户名的所有实例。

注意，/user/ [name]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pil/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so

是什么导致此错误，我该如何解决？

%runfile /Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/http/untitled2.py --wdir
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/spyder_kernels/customize/utils.py:209, in exec_encapsulate_locals(code_ast, globals, locals, exec_fun, filename)
    207     if filename is None:
    208         filename = "<stdin>"
--> 209     exec_fun(compile(code_ast, filename, "exec"), globals, None)
    210 finally:
    211     if use_locals_hack:
    212         # Cleanup code

File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/http/untitled2.py:9
      1 #!/usr/bin/env python3
      2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
      3 """
      4 Created on Sat Mar 15 15:12:11 2025
      5 
      6 @author: [NAME]
      7 """
----> 9 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:161
    157 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
    159 # cbook must import matplotlib only within function
    160 # definitions, so it is safe to import from it here.
--> 161 from . import _api, _version, cbook, _docstring, rcsetup
    162 from matplotlib._api import MatplotlibDeprecationWarning
    163 from matplotlib.rcsetup import cycler  # noqa: F401

File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/rcsetup.py:28
     26 from matplotlib.backends import BackendFilter, backend_registry
     27 from matplotlib.cbook import ls_mapper
---> 28 from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, is_color_like
     29 from matplotlib._fontconfig_pattern import parse_fontconfig_pattern
     30 from matplotlib._enums import JoinStyle, CapStyle

File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.py:52
     49 from numbers import Real
     50 import re
---> 52 from PIL import Image
     53 from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
     55 import matplotlib as mpl

File ~/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/Image.py:84
     75 MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = int(1024 * 1024 * 1024 // 4 // 3)
     78 try:
     79     # If the _imaging C module is not present, Pillow will not load.
     80     # Note that other modules should not refer to _imaging directly;
     81     # import Image and use the Image.core variable instead.
     82     # Also note that Image.core is not a publicly documented interface,
     83     # and should be considered private and subject to change.
---> 84     from . import _imaging as core
     86     if __version__ != getattr(core, "PILLOW_VERSION", None):
     87         msg = (
     88             "The _imaging extension was built for another version of Pillow or PIL:\n"
     89             f"Core version: {getattr(core, 'PILLOW_VERSION', None)}\n"
     90             f"Pillow version: {__version__}"
     91         )

ImportError: dlopen(/Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: @rpath/libtiff.5.dylib
  Referenced from: <B3C0C665-A4DE-3282-A587-6B0B5F8FD71C> /Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-311-darwin.so
  Reason: tried: '/Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/../../../libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/PIL/../../../libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/bin/../lib/libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/bin/../lib/libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libtiff.5.dylib' (no such file, not in dyld cache)```

如果您使用的是Anaconda，请确保它是本机ARM版本（M1/M2兼容）。默认的Anaconda发行版是为Intel（X86_64）构建的，可能会在M1/M2 MACS上引起问题

解开当前的anaconda（如果不是手臂的话）：

rm -rf ~/anaconda3

安装miniforge

# Download and install Miniforge
curl -L -O https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-MacOSX-arm64.sh
bash Miniforge3-MacOSX-arm64.sh

创建具有臂章兼容套件的新环境：

Answer 1

conda create -n myenv python=3.11
conda activate myenv

使用Conda-Forge安装必要的包装（Matplotlib，枕头和Libtiff），该包装提供与手臂兼容的版本：

conda install -c conda-forge matplotlib pillow libtiff 如果您以前使用Rosetta 2（Intel X86_64仿真）安装了Anaconda或Python，则可能会引起冲突。确保您正在运行python的本机臂版：

which python3 输出应指向您的臂线miniforge安装中的路径（例如，

~/miniforge3/bin/python3

）。

如果指向英特尔版本（例如，

/usr/bin/python3

），则应停用Rosetta 2并确保使用Arm-native版本。

检查是否正确安装了libtiff：conda list libtiff

如果未列出，请明确安装：conda install -c conda-forge libtiff

Optional：如果Libtiff的Conda安装不起作用，则可以尝试通过Homebrew进行安装：

brew install libtiff

，然后确保Python可以通过设置适当的环境变量来找到自制的库：

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/homebrew/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

完成上述步骤后，再次测试您的脚本：

python3 /Users/[NAME]/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/http/untitled2.py