JAVA：印刷机打印出奇怪的符号吗？

Question

我正在一个项目中，该项目从文件读取数据，将数据放入链接的节点，使用冒泡排序对链接的节点进行排序，然后打印到输出文件。每次以冒泡排序进行交换/交换/通过时，我都要对其进行计数，并打印出对任何给定列表进行排序所花费的交换/交换/通过次数。我的代码似乎工作正常，并且可以正常打印到屏幕上，但是在输出文件中而不是数字中，出现了像“ Ⴖ”之类的奇怪符号？预先感谢！

package assignment1;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class Sorting {

    private int comparisons;
    private int exchanges;
    private int totalC;
    private int totalE;
    private int totalP;
    private long time;
    private int pass;
    private static PrintWriter printWriter;
    private static int n; //size list 

    public Sorting(int size, PrintWriter pw) {
        n = size;
        printWriter = pw;
    }

}

对列表进行排序的方法。 （它已经成功地进行了排序-那里没有问题。但是，我的变量更新或对我的display方法的调用必须是随意的。应该在每次“通过”该方法后进行打印，并打印每次进行的比较和交换次数通过。然后我应该在最后打印所有内容的总和。这是无效的部分。当我尝试为每次迭代打印变量时，我得到了很长的随机符号和字母字符串。

public void bubbleSort(LinkedNode head) {

    LinkedNode previous; 
    LinkedNode current; 
    LinkedNode next; 
    comparisons = 0;
    exchanges = 0;
    time = 0;
    pass = 0;
    totalC = 0;
    totalE = 0;
    totalP = 0;

    boolean isSorted = true;

    //if list is empty or only 1 item is in list -> it is sorted
    if (head == null || head.getNext() == null) {
        return;
    }

    long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); //begin count for bubbleSort

    while(isSorted) {
        comparisons = 0;
        exchanges = 0;
        previous = null;
        current = head;
        next = head.getNext();
        isSorted = false;

        while(next != null) {
            comparisons ++; //increment counter for each comparison made

            if (current.getElement() > next.getElement()) {
                if (head == current) {
                    head = next;
                }
                else {
                    previous.setNext(next);
                }
                current.setNext(next.getNext());
                next.setNext(current);
                isSorted = true;
                current = next;
                exchanges++;    

            }
            previous = current;
            current = previous.getNext();
            next = current.getNext();
        }

        pass++; //increment counter for each run through
        totalP += pass;
        totalE += exchanges;
        totalC += comparisons;
    }

    long elapsedTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis()-start;
    time = elapsedTimeMillis;
}

正确输出到我的文件的唯一部分是时间变量。在我的屏幕上，通过的次数为4,239，但在输出文件中，我得到了奇怪的符号。

void bubbleSortDisplay(LinkedList myList, PrintWriter pw) {
    System.out.printf("time   pass    cmp     exch ");
    printWriter.write("time   pass    cmp     exch ");
    printWriter.write("\n----------------------------\n");

    System.out.printf("\n", time);
    printWriter.write(time + "ms     ");
    System.out.print(time + "ms     ");
    printWriter.write(totalP);
    System.out.print(totalP);
}

Answer 1

尝试以这种方式替换您的代码：

printWriter.write(""+totalP);

（带有空字符串的Concat totalP）