GStreamer 安装缺少插件

Question

我希望有人可以帮助解决这个问题，过去两天一直在寻找解决方案。

简单描述一下这个问题：我正在尝试制作一个简单的 qt5.7 应用程序，它将流式传输 m3u8（使用 Qt Creator（社区））。但是当我尝试运行它时，我得到一个

Warning: "No decoder available for type 'application/x-hls'."
Error: "Your GStreamer installation is missing a plug-in."

“gst 检查 | grep hls” 返回：typefindfunctions：application/x-hls：m3u8

此时我不知道我会错过哪个插件，因为我已经浏览了完整的 GStreamer 插件列表并逐个添加了。据我的搜索，有些人通过安装坏/丑陋的插件得到了修复。有人说QT5仍然使用gstreamer0.10，但新的linux版本使用1.0（此时已丢失）。我尝试设置一个标志来强制 GST_VERSION=1.0，但没有工作，或者我做错了什么（我使用了 qmake GST_VERSION=1.0 命令）。另外，我可以在 vlc 中播放视频。我完全陷入困境，不知道该怎么办了。

应用程序代码：

import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import QtMultimedia 5.7

Window {
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello World")

    Item {
        width: 640
        height: 480

        MediaPlayer {
            id: player
            source: "http://playertest.longtailvideo.com/adaptive/wowzaid3/chunklist_w249832652.m3u8"
        }

        VideoOutput {
            anchors.fill: parent
            source: player
        }

        Component.onCompleted: {
            player.play();
        }
    }
}

操作系统：

DISTRIB_ID=LinuxMint
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18
DISTRIB_CODENAME=sarah
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux Mint 18 Sarah"
NAME="Linux Mint"
VERSION="18 (Sarah)"
ID=linuxmint
ID_LIKE=ubuntu
PRETTY_NAME="Linux Mint 18"
VERSION_ID="18"
HOME_URL="http://www.linuxmint.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://forums.linuxmint.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/linuxmint/"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial

gstreamer 插件列表：

ii  gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10                        0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        Description: GObject introspection data for the GStreamer library
ii  gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0                         1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        GObject introspection data for the GStreamer library
ii  gstreamer-qapt                               3.0.2-0ubuntu1.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugin to install codecs using QApt
ii  gstreamer-tools                              0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        Tools for use with GStreamer
ii  gstreamer0.10-alsa:amd64                     0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer plugin for ALSA
ii  gstreamer0.10-doc                            0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         all          GStreamer core documentation and manuals
ii  gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg:amd64                   0.10.13-5ubuntu1~wily                      amd64        FFmpeg plugin for GStreamer
ii  gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg-dbg:amd64               0.10.13-5ubuntu1~wily                      amd64        FFmpeg plugin for GStreamer (debug symbols)
ii  gstreamer0.10-gconf:amd64                    0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               amd64        GStreamer plugin for getting the sink/source information from GConf
ii  gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs:amd64                 0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer plugin for GnomeVFS
ii  gstreamer0.10-nice:amd64                     0.1.13-0ubuntu2                            amd64        ICE library (GStreamer 0.10 plugin)
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:amd64             0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:i386              0.10.36-2                                  i386         GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps              0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer helper programs from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-dbg:amd64         0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-doc               0.10.36-2                                  all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:amd64             0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386              0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               i386         GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-dbg:amd64         0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good-doc               0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio:amd64               0.10.31-3+nmu4ubuntu2~gcc5.1               amd64        GStreamer plugin for PulseAudio
ii  gstreamer0.10-qapt                           3.0.2-0ubuntu1.1                           all          transitional dummy package
ii  gstreamer0.10-tools                          0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        Tools for use with GStreamer
ii  gstreamer0.10-x:amd64                        0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer plugins for X11 and Pango
ii  gstreamer0.10-x:i386                         0.10.36-2                                  i386         GStreamer plugins for X11 and Pango
ii  gstreamer1.0-alsa:amd64                      1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugin for ALSA
ii  gstreamer1.0-clutter                         2.0.18-1                                   amd64        Clutter PLugin for GStreamer 1.0
ii  gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0                     3.0.18-1                                   amd64        Clutter PLugin for GStreamer 1.0
ii  gstreamer1.0-crystalhd                       1:0.0~git20110715.fdd2f19-11build1         amd64        Crystal HD Video Decoder (GStreamer plugin)
ii  gstreamer1.0-doc                             1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            all          GStreamer core documentation and manuals
ii  gstreamer1.0-dvswitch                        0.1.1-1                                    amd64        GStreamer plugin source from DVswitch
ii  gstreamer1.0-espeak                          0.4.0-1                                    amd64        GStreamer plugin for eSpeak speech synthesis
ii  gstreamer1.0-fluendo-mp3:amd64               0.10.32.debian-1                           amd64        Fluendo mp3 decoder GStreamer 1.0 plugin
ii  gstreamer1.0-hybris:i386                     1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           i386         GStreamer plugins from hybris
ii  gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64                     1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        libav plugin for GStreamer
ii  gstreamer1.0-libav-dbg:amd64                 1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        libav plugin for GStreamer (debug symbols)
ii  gstreamer1.0-nice:amd64                      0.1.13-0ubuntu2                            amd64        ICE library (GStreamer plugin)
ii  gstreamer1.0-packagekit                      0.8.17-4ubuntu6~gcc5.4ubuntu1.1            amd64        GStreamer plugin to install codecs using PackageKit
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad:amd64               1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-dbg:amd64           1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set (debug symbols)
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-doc                 1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "bad" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-faad:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer faad plugin from the "bad" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-videoparsers:amd64  1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer videoparsers plugin from the "bad" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64              1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps               1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer helper programs from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-dbg:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-doc                1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "base" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:amd64              1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good-dbg:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good-doc                1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "good" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly:amd64              1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-amr:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-dbg:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set (debug symbols)
ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly-doc                1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           all          GStreamer documentation for plugins from the "ugly" set
ii  gstreamer1.0-pocketsphinx:amd64              0.8.0+real5prealpha-1ubuntu2               amd64        Speech recognition tool - gstreamer plugin
ii  gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio:amd64                1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugin for PulseAudio
ii  gstreamer1.0-tools                           1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        Tools for use with GStreamer
ii  gstreamer1.0-vaapi:amd64                     1.8.2-1~ubuntu2                            amd64        VA-API plugins for GStreamer
ii  gstreamer1.0-vaapi-doc                       1.8.2-1~ubuntu2                            all          GStreamer VA-API documentation and manuals
ii  gstreamer1.0-x:amd64                         1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins for X11 and Pango
ii  libcanberra-gstreamer:amd64                  0.30-2.1ubuntu1                            amd64        GStreamer backend for libcanberra
ii  libgstreamer-ocaml                           0.2.0-2build2                              amd64        OCaml interface to the gstreamer library -- runtime files
ii  libgstreamer-ocaml-dev                       0.2.0-2build2                              amd64        OCaml interface to the gstreamer library -- development files
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0:amd64          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "bad" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0:i386           1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           i386         GStreamer development files for libraries from the "bad" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev              1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "bad" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:amd64        0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386         0.10.36-2                                  i386         GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev            0.10.36-2                                  amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64         1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386          1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           i386         GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev             1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "base" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0:amd64         1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "good" set
ii  libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev             1.8.2-1ubuntu0.1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "good" set
ii  libgstreamer0.10-0:amd64                     0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer0.10-0:i386                      0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         i386         Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg:amd64                 0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer0.10-dev                         0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1                         amd64        GStreamer core development files
ii  libgstreamer1.0-0:amd64                      1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer1.0-0:i386                       1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            i386         Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer1.0-0-dbg:amd64                  1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements
ii  libgstreamer1.0-dev                          1.8.2-1~ubuntu1                            amd64        GStreamer core development files
ii  libgstreamermm-1.0-0v5:amd64                 1.4.3+dfsg-5                               amd64        C++ wrapper library for GStreamer (shared libraries)
ii  libgstreamermm-1.0-dev:amd64                 1.4.3+dfsg-5                               amd64        C++ wrapper library for GStreamer (development files)
ii  libqt5gstreamer-1.0-0:amd64                  1.2.0-3                                    amd64        C++ bindings library for GStreamer with a Qt-style API - Qt 5 build
ii  libqt5gstreamer-dev                          1.2.0-3                                    amd64        Development headers for QtGStreamer - Qt 5 build
ii  libqt5gstreamerquick-1.0-0:amd64             1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QtGStreamerQuick library - Qt 5 build
ii  libqt5gstreamerui-1.0-0:amd64                1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QtGStreamerUi library - Qt 5 build
ii  libqt5gstreamerutils-1.0-0:amd64             1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QtGStreamerUtils library - Qt 5 build
ii  libqtgstreamer-1.0-0:amd64                   1.2.0-3                                    amd64        C++ bindings library for GStreamer with a Qt-style API
ii  libqtgstreamer-dev                           1.2.0-3                                    amd64        Development headers for QtGStreamer
ii  libqtgstreamerui-1.0-0:amd64                 1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QtGStreamerUi library
ii  libqtgstreamerutils-1.0-0:amd64              1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QtGStreamerUtils library
ii  libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer        1:5.1.4-0ubuntu1                           amd64        GStreamer backend for LibreOffice
ii  liquidsoap-plugin-gstreamer                  1.1.1-7.1                                  amd64        audio streaming language -- GStreamer plugin
ii  phonon-backend-gstreamer:amd64               4:4.8.2-0ubuntu2                           amd64        Phonon GStreamer 1.0 backend
ii  phonon-backend-gstreamer-common:amd64        4:4.8.2-0ubuntu2                           amd64        Phonon GStreamer 1.0.x backend icons
ii  phonon4qt5-backend-gstreamer:amd64           4:4.8.2-0ubuntu2                           amd64        Phonon Qt5 GStreamer 1.0 backend
ii  qml-module-qtgstreamer:amd64                 1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QML plugins from QtGStreamer - Qt 5 build
ii  qt5gstreamer-dbg:amd64                       1.2.0-3                                    amd64        Debug symbols for QtGStreamer - Qt 5 build
ii  qtgstreamer-dbg:amd64                        1.2.0-3                                    amd64        Debug symbols for QtGStreamer
ii  qtgstreamer-declarative:amd64                1.2.0-3                                    amd64        QML plugins from QtGStreamer
ii  qtgstreamer-plugins:amd64                    1.2.0-3                                    amd64        GStreamer plugins from QtGStreamer
ii  qtgstreamer-plugins-qt5:amd64                1.2.0-3                                    amd64        GStreamer plugins from QtGStreamer - Qt 5 build

Answer 1

我知道我回答“有点”晚了，但迟到总比不好

这里发生的情况是您的操作系统上缺少某些编解码器，因此我们需要安装它们才能播放视频/音频。

请注意，这仅适用于 Ubuntu 或基于 Ubuntu 的发行版，例如 Linux Mint 等。

要安装缺少的编解码器，您应该在终端上运行以下命令（或添加

ubuntu-restricted-extras

作为 .deb 文件的依赖项）：

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Answer 2

缺失的元素名为

hlsdemux

，位于

gst-plugins-bad

。您可以使用

gst-inspect-0.10

或

gst-inspect-1.0

检查已安装的插件列表。与 grep 一起使用可以让您快速找出是否安装了它。

gst-inspect-1.0 | grep hlsdemux

（或 0.10，具体取决于您要使用的版本）

如果 QtMultimedia 确实使用 0.10，你应该会丢失

gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad

。请注意，0.10 已经过时并且多年来无人维护。 1.0正在积极开发中。您应该检查较新版本的 QtMultimedia 是否已升级到 1.0 版本并尝试使用它。

Answer 3

hls 插件位于 gst-plugins-bad 中。为确保确定，请检查 “gst-inspect-1.0 | grep hls” - 在您的发行版上，gst-inspect 可能是 gst-inspect-0.10 的符号链接。

Answer 4

如果有人使用 Fedora 遇到这个问题，这为我解决了它

sudo dnf install gstreamer1-plugins-* gstreamer1-plugin-openh264 gstreamer1-libav

不过它安装了很多插件，包括开发包，所以这是一个猎枪解决方案，而不是最优的。

Fedora Docs推荐的命令没有为我解决这个问题，缺少一些东西：sudo dnf install gstreamer1-plugins-{bad-\*,good-\*,base} gstreamer1-plugin-openh264 gstreamer1-libav

所以只需将规范替换为星号即可安装

gstreamer1-plugins

下的所有内容

Answer 5

您遇到的错误消息表明 GStreamer 缺少播放视频文件所需的一些插件。 GStreamer 使用带有各种插件的模块化架构来处理不同类型的媒体。

要解决此问题，您需要安装必要的 GStreamer 插件。您可以按照以下步骤来安装这些插件：

更新包裹清单：首先，确保您的包裹清单是是最新的。

sudo apt update
安装 GStreamer 插件：安装最常见的 GStreamer 插件。其中包括基本的、好的、坏的和丑陋的插件集。

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly
安装 GStreamer Libav 插件：该插件提供了额外的编解码器，对于播放各种媒体格式至关重要。

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-libav
安装 GStreamer 多媒体编解码器：此步骤可确保您拥有必要的多媒体编解码器。

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-tools

安装这些软件包后，重试。如果您仍然遇到问题，您可能需要确定视频所需的特定编解码器并为该编解码器安装适当的 GStreamer 插件。

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