Tkinter - 如何检查按钮的状态；重复多个按钮，并对结果求和？

Question

我制作了一个数字版的纸笔游戏作为我的第一个主要Python实践项目。从附图中可以看到主板由按钮组成。它们可以在两种状态之间切换：它们开始显示数字并为

True

，单击时它们显示“X”并变为

False

。您将从屏幕截图中看到，有一个分数乘数，可以告诉您每行获得多少分，具体取决于显示“X”的按钮数量，即处于

False

状态。

目前用户必须手动输入每行的分数。我想做的是根据

False

按钮的数量在适当的框中显示适当的分数。例如，如果单击了四个红色按钮，同时单击了

False

，则红色分数框中将显示 10。

我寻求的帮助：我不知道如何检查每个按钮当前的布尔状态，也不知道如何对结果求和。

我对编程非常陌生，学习是为了乐趣。我不希望或期望为我编写一个可以复制和粘贴的完整程序；我希望有人指出正确的方向。

我在下面仅包含了与主板（4 个彩色行）和分数框相关的代码。下面我只包含了主板红行和分数框的代码。

import tkinter                       
import tkinter.messagebox          

class MyGUI:
    def __init__(self):
        
        # Window setup
        self.window = tkinter.Tk() 
        self.window.title("Quixx")
        self.window.geometry("600x400")
        self.window.maxsize(600, 400)
        self.window.minsize(600, 400)
        

        # Main board function variables
        self.state1 = True
        self.state2 = True
        self.state3 = True
        self.state4 = True
        self.state5 = True
        self.state6 = True
        self.state7 = True
        self.state8 = True
        self.state9 = True
        self.state10 = True
        self.state11 = True
        # Removed for brevity.
 

# Main board setup.
        button_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.window)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(4, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(5, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(6, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(7, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(8, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(9, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(10, weight=1)
        button_frame.columnconfigure(11, weight=1)

        # Red row
        self.btn1 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="2", background="red", command=self.btn1_change)
        self.btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="we",)
        
        self.btn2 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="3", background="red", command=self.btn2_change)
        self.btn2.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn3 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="4", background="red", command=self.btn3_change)
        self.btn3.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn4 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="5", background="red", command=self.btn4_change)
        self.btn4.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn5 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="6", background="red", command=self.btn5_change)
        self.btn5.grid(row=0, column=4, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn6 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="7", background="red", command=self.btn6_change)
        self.btn6.grid(row=0, column=5, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn7 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="8", background="red", command=self.btn7_change)
        self.btn7.grid(row=0, column=6, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn8 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="9", background="red", command=self.btn8_change)
        self.btn8.grid(row=0, column=7, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn9 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="10", background="red", command=self.btn9_change)
        self.btn9.grid(row=0, column=8, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn10 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="11", background="red", command=self.btn10_change)
        self.btn10.grid(row=0, column=9, sticky="we")
        
        self.btn11 = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="12", background="red", command=self.btn11_change)
        self.btn11.grid(row=0, column=10, sticky="we")

        

        # Yellow row
          # removed for brevity

        # Green row
          # removed for brevity

        # Blue row
          # removed for brevity
        

# Score calculation frame setup
        score_calc_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.window)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(4, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(5, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(6, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(7, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(8, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(9, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(10, weight=1)
        score_calc_frame.columnconfigure(11, weight=1)

        # Score labels and textboxes
        self.score_calc_label1 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="Score", font=('arial', 16))
        self.score_calc_label1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_textbox_red = tkinter.Text(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1, background="red")
        self.score_calc_textbox_red.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="we",)

        self.score_calc_label2 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="+", font=('Arial', 18))
        self.score_calc_label2.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_textbox_yellow = tkinter.Text(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1, background="yellow")
        self.score_calc_textbox_yellow.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_label3 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="+", font=('arial', 18))
        self.score_calc_label3.grid(row=0, column=4, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_textbox_green = tkinter.Text(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1, background="green")
        self.score_calc_textbox_green.grid(row=0, column=5, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_label4 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="+", font=('arial', 18))
        self.score_calc_label4.grid(row=0, column=6, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_textbox_blue = tkinter.Text(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1, background="blue")
        self.score_calc_textbox_blue.grid(row=0, column=7, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_label5 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="-", font=('arial', 18))
        self.score_calc_label5.grid(row=0, column=8, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_textbox_subtract = tkinter.Text(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1)
        self.score_calc_textbox_subtract.grid(row=0, column=9, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_label6 = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, text="=", font=('arial', 18))
        self.score_calc_label6.grid(row=0, column=10, sticky="we")

        self.score_calc_label_result = tkinter.Label(score_calc_frame, height=1, width=1, background="white")
        self.score_calc_label_result.grid(row=0, column=11, sticky="we")

        
    # Main board button frame packing
        button_frame.pack(fill="x", anchor="n", padx=10, pady=20)
    
    # Score calculation frame packing
        score_calc_frame.pack(fill="x", padx=5, anchor="center")

        self.window.mainloop()

# Main board button functions
  
    # Red row
    def btn1_change(self):
        if self.state1 == True:
            self.btn1.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn1.config(text="2")
        self.state1 = not self.state1
            
    def btn2_change(self):
        if self.state2 == True:
            self.btn2.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn2.config(text="3")
        self.state2 = not self.state2 

    def btn3_change(self):
        if self.state3 == True:
            self.btn3.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn3.config(text="4")
        self.state3 = not self.state3

    def btn4_change(self):
        if self.state4 == True:
            self.btn4.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn4.config(text="5")
        self.state4 = not self.state4 

    def btn5_change(self):
        if self.state5 == True:
            self.btn5.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn5.config(text="6")
        self.state5 = not self.state5 

    def btn6_change(self):
        if self.state6 == True:
            self.btn6.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn6.config(text="7")
        self.state6 = not self.state6 

    def btn7_change(self):
        if self.state7 == True:
            self.btn7.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn7.config(text="8")
        self.state7 = not self.state7 

    def btn8_change(self):
        if self.state8 == True:
            self.btn8.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn8.config(text="9")
        self.state8 = not self.state8 

    def btn9_change(self):
        if self.state9 == True:
            self.btn9.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn9.config(text="10")
        self.state9 = not self.state9 

    def btn10_change(self):
        if self.state10 == True:
            self.btn10.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn10.config(text="11")
        self.state10 = not self.state10 

    def btn11_change(self):
        if self.state11 == True:
            self.btn11.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn11.config(text="12")
        self.state11 = not self.state11 

    
    
    
    # Yellow row
      # removed for brevity 
    
    # Green row
      # removed for brevity   
    
    # Blue row
      # removed for brevity

MyGUI()

这是我认为从我关于如何解决这个问题的研究中看起来最有前途的代码，但我不确定如何实现它：

def btn1_change(self):
        c=0
        for i in self.red_row_list:
            if(i==False):
                c+=1
        return c

Answer 1

鉴于您将状态保存在各个字段中（

state1

、

state2

等），您必须一一检查：

    def btn1_change(self):
        if self.state1 == True:
            self.btn1.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn1.config(text="2")
        self.state1 = not self.state1
        c = 0
        if not self.state1:
            c += 1
        if not self.state2:
            c += 1
        if not self.state3:
            c += 1
        if not self.state4:
            c += 1
        if not self.state5:
            c += 1
        if not self.state6:
            c += 1
        if not self.state7:
            c += 1
        if not self.state8:
            c += 1
        if not self.state9:
            c += 1
        if not self.state10:
            c += 1
        if not self.state11:
            c += 1
        self.score_calc_textbox_red.replace('1.0', tkinter.END, c)

不仅如此，您还必须在每个回调中执行此代码，因此您可以重复此代码或（最好）将其移动到从每个按钮调用的函数。

但是有很多方法可以改进。在这里我将提出一项改进：

您可以通过将状态保存在列表中来减少代码量，而不是每个状态一个字段：

class MyGUI:
    def __init__(self):

        # Window setup
        self.window = tkinter.Tk()
        self.window.title("Quixx")
        self.window.geometry("600x400")
        self.window.maxsize(600, 400)
        self.window.minsize(600, 400)


        # Main board function variables
        # Here we create a list with eleven True values
        self.state = [True] * 11

    def btn1_change(self):
        if self.state[0] == True:
            self.btn1.config(text="X")
        else:
            self.btn1.config(text="2")
        self.state[0] = not self.state[0]
        c = 0
        for s in self.state:
            # In general `not s` is preferable for `s == False`
            if not s:
                c += 1
        self.score_calc_textbox_red.replace('1.0', tkinter.END, c)

当然，还可以改变更多，但由于你仍在学习，我相信这里有足够的东西供你解压。祝你好运！