我想在本地安装 python 包，并且当前已通过终端命令“python3 -m pip list; python3 -m venv venv; venv/bin/pip list”设置了一个虚拟环境，输出如下：
Space Invaders/start python3 -m pip list; python3 -m venv venv; venv/bin/pip list
Package Version
----------------- ---------
arcade 2.6.17
attrs 23.2.0
cffi 1.16.0
Pillow 9.3.0
pip 24.0
pip-autoremove 0.10.0
pycparser 2.22
pyglet 2.0.dev23
pymunk 6.4.0
pytiled-parser 2.2.0
requests 2.31.0
setuptools 69.0.2
typing_extensions 4.12.2
Package Version
---------- -------
pip 23.3.1
setuptools 69.0.2
在我在激活的环境中安装软件包之前，这似乎是正确的：
Space Invaders/start source ./venv/bin/activate
(venv) Space Invaders/start python3 -m pip install arcade
(venv) Space Invaders/start pip list
Package Version
---------------- ---------
arcade 2.6.17
attrs 23.2.0
cffi 1.16.0
Pillow 9.3.0
pip 23.3.1
pycparser 2.22
pyglet 2.0.dev23
pymunk 6.4.0
pytiled-parser 2.2.0
setuptools 69.0.2
typing_extension 4.12.2
停用环境后，运行命令“venv/bin/pip list”会显示全局包的设置，而不是在虚拟环境输出中安装 pip 时安装的包：
Package Version
----------------- ---------
arcade 2.6.17
attrs 23.2.0
cffi 1.16.0
Pillow 9.3.0
pip 23.3.1
pycparser 2.22
pyglet 2.0.dev23
pymunk 6.4.0
pytiled-parser 2.2.0
setuptools 69.0.2
typing_extensions 4.12.2
如何确保 pip 只安装虚拟环境中的包而不引用全局包？
您需要激活您的虚拟环境
>> python3 -m venv .env # create venv
>> source .env/bin/activate # activating venv
>> which python3 # path to python. Should be in venv folder
/path/to/your/folder/.env/bin/python3
>> which pip # path to pip. Should be in venv folder
/path/to/your/folder/.env/bin/pip
>> pip list # list all packages inside env
Package Version
------- -------
pip 24.0
>> pip install requests # install library
...
>> pip list # list of libraries inside venv
Package Version
------------------ --------
certifi 2024.7.4
charset-normalizer 3.3.2
idna 3.7
pip 24.0
requests 2.32.3
urllib3 2.2.2
>> deactivate # leave from venv and use system python
>> which python # path to python. Here should be in /usr/bin or similar global path
/usr/bin/python
>> pip list # list packages in global python. Should not be the same as in venv
...