我的总体目标是能够使用片上 CRC 外设计算校验和，以便我可以验证二进制文件是否已正确刷新到板上。我有一个有效的 python 脚本，它只是准确复制 CRC 外设正在执行的操作，然后我将其输入 .bin 文件以从中获取校验和。
在尝试让我的脚本工作时，我注意到 .isr_vector 部分和 .text 部分之间有 8 个字节的空间，该空间在闪存和二进制文件本身之间不匹配。在芯片上调试时，这8个字节都是0xFF，但在二进制中它们是0x00。我知道芯片默认为全 1，所以我有一个模糊的想法为什么两者不同（或者至少我认为我这样做），但我不知道为什么这个空间一开始就在那里。
昨天晚上我花了大部分时间玩弄链接器脚本，移动对齐标志并玩弄填充/填充值。使用“FILL(0xFF);”不会影响该空间，将“=0xFF”放在该部分的末尾也不会影响该空间。对齐标志确实会移动物体，但它们对空间没有任何影响。我能够通过输入“BYTE(0xFF);”来填充它（并且最终验证我的脚本与 CRC 外设匹配）。在本节末尾 8 次，但这对我来说看起来像是一个很棘手的工作。
这个空间是什么，为什么在那里，我如何优雅地摆脱它，这样做会产生后果吗？
我的链接器脚本，其中包含我的 hacky 修复。如果删除第 29-38 行，则会出现“空格”。它最初是由 CubeIDE 生成的，但从那以后我一直在研究它。这是我第一次对 Liker 脚本进行有意义的尝试，所以我可能做的事情非常错误。
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM); /* end of RAM */
/* Usedd to generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
_code_size = SIZEOF(.isr_vector) + SIZEOF(.text) + SIZEOF(.rodata) + SIZEOF(.ARM);
vector_size = SIZEOF(.isr_vector);
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 32K
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 128K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
/* These are the 8 bytes that "fix" the problem, without these the space is filled with zeros */
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
BYTE(0xFF);
} >FLASH =0xEE
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text : ALIGN(4)
{
BYTE(vector_size);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH =0xEE
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata : ALIGN(4)
{
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
} >FLASH =0xEE
.ARM (READONLY) : ALIGN(4)
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH =0xEE
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 :
{
*(.ARM.attributes)
}
}
这是我的代码的开始，它也主要是由 CubeIDE 生成的，并进行了一些小的修改。
.syntax unified
.cpu cortex-m4
.fpu softvfp
.thumb
.global g_pfnVectors
.global Default_Handler
/* start address for the initialization values of the .data section.
defined in linker script */
.word _sidata
/* start address for the .data section. defined in linker script */
.word _sdata
/* end address for the .data section. defined in linker script */
.word _edata
/* start address for the .bss section. defined in linker script */
.word _sbss
/* end address for the .bss section. defined in linker script */
.word _ebss
.equ BootRAM, 0xF1E0F85F
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor first
* starts execution following a reset event. Only the absolutely
* necessary set is performed, after which the application
* supplied main() routine is called.
* @param None
* @retval : None
*/
.section .text.Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
ldr r0, =_estack
mov sp, r0 /* set stack pointer */
/* Call the clock system initialization function.*/
bl SystemInit
/* Copy the data segment initializers from flash to SRAM */
ldr r0, =_sdata
ldr r1, =_edata
ldr r2, =_sidata
movs r3, #0
b LoopCopyDataInit
CopyDataInit:
ldr r4, [r2, r3]
str r4, [r0, r3]
adds r3, r3, #4
LoopCopyDataInit:
adds r4, r0, r3
cmp r4, r1
bcc CopyDataInit
/* Zero fill the bss segment. */
ldr r2, =_sbss
ldr r4, =_ebss
movs r3, #0
b LoopFillZerobss
FillZerobss:
str r3, [r2]
adds r2, r2, #4
LoopFillZerobss:
cmp r2, r4
bcc FillZerobss
/* Call static constructors */
bl __libc_init_array
/* Call the application's entry point.*/
bl main
LoopForever:
b LoopForever
.size Reset_Handler, .-Reset_Handler
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor receives an
* unexpected interrupt. This simply enters an infinite loop, preserving
* the system state for examination by a debugger.
*
* @param None
* @retval : None
*/
.section .text.Default_Handler,"ax",%progbits
Default_Handler:
Infinite_Loop:
b Infinite_Loop
.size Default_Handler, .-Default_Handler
/******************************************************************************
*
* The minimal vector table for a Cortex-M4. Note that the proper constructs
* must be placed on this to ensure that it ends up at physical address
* 0x0000.0000.
*
******************************************************************************/
.section .isr_vector,"a",%progbits
.type g_pfnVectors, %object
g_pfnVectors:
.word _estack
.word Reset_Handler
.word NMI_Handler
.word HardFault_Handler
.word MemManage_Handler
.word BusFault_Handler
.word UsageFault_Handler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word SVC_Handler
.word DebugMon_Handler
.word 0
.word PendSV_Handler
.word SysTick_Handler
.word WWDG_IRQHandler
.word PVD_PVM_IRQHandler
.word RTC_TAMP_LSECSS_IRQHandler
.word RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
.word FLASH_IRQHandler
.word RCC_IRQHandler
.word EXTI0_IRQHandler
.word EXTI1_IRQHandler
.word EXTI2_IRQHandler
.word EXTI3_IRQHandler
.word EXTI4_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word ADC1_2_IRQHandler
.word USB_HP_IRQHandler
.word USB_LP_IRQHandler
.word can_isr
.word can_isr
.word EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
.word TIM2_IRQHandler
.word TIM3_IRQHandler
.word TIM4_IRQHandler
.word I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
.word I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
.word I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
.word I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
.word SPI1_IRQHandler
.word SPI2_IRQHandler
.word USART1_IRQHandler
.word USART2_IRQHandler
.word USART3_IRQHandler
.word EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
.word RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
.word USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
.word TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
.word TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
.word TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
.word TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word LPTIM1_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word SPI3_IRQHandler
.word UART4_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
.word TIM7_IRQHandler
.word DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
.word DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
.word DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
.word DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
.word DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word UCPD1_IRQHandler
.word COMP1_2_3_IRQHandler
.word COMP4_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word CRS_IRQHandler
.word SAI1_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word FPU_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word RNG_IRQHandler
.word LPUART1_IRQHandler
.word I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
.word I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
.word DMAMUX_OVR_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word DMA2_Channel6_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word CORDIC_IRQHandler
.word FMAC_IRQHandler
.size g_pfnVectors, .-g_pfnVectors
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Provide weak aliases for each Exception handler to the Default_Handler.
* As they are weak aliases, any function with the same name will override
* this definition.
*
*******************************************************************************/
.weak NMI_Handler
.thumb_set NMI_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak HardFault_Handler
.thumb_set HardFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak MemManage_Handler
.thumb_set MemManage_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak BusFault_Handler
.thumb_set BusFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak UsageFault_Handler
.thumb_set UsageFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SVC_Handler
.thumb_set SVC_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak DebugMon_Handler
.thumb_set DebugMon_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak PendSV_Handler
.thumb_set PendSV_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SysTick_Handler
.thumb_set SysTick_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak WWDG_IRQHandler
.thumb_set WWDG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak PVD_PVM_IRQHandler
.thumb_set PVD_PVM_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_TAMP_LSECSS_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_TAMP_LSECSS_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FLASH_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FLASH_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RCC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RCC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak ADC1_2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set ADC1_2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USB_HP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USB_HP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USB_LP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USB_LP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak can_isr
.thumb_set can_isr,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI9_5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI15_10_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USBWakeUp_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_UP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM8_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak LPTIM1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set LPTIM1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UART4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UART4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak UCPD1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set UCPD1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak COMP1_2_3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set COMP1_2_3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak COMP4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set COMP4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CRS_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CRS_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SAI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SAI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FPU_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FPU_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RNG_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RNG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak LPUART1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set LPUART1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C3_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C3_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMAMUX_OVR_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMAMUX_OVR_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA2_Channel6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA2_Channel6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CORDIC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CORDIC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FMAC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FMAC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
以十六进制视图打开的二进制文件的屏幕截图。第 1D8 行包含我抱怨的空格。如果没有 8 个“BYTE(0xFF)”指令，这将显示为全零。
我正在使用 MSYS2 GCC 版本 14.1.0 来编译和链接 STMG4 MCU。
我使用make来构建，运行make链接的命令是：
gcc -O0 -g3 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -Wall -MMD -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections ${INCLUDE_FLAGS} -DSTM32G431xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -T "${LINKER_SCRIPT}" --specs=nano.specs -Wl,-Map=${OUTPUT_DIR}${SOFTWARE_VERSION}.map -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--start-group -lc -lm -Wl,--end-group -Wl,-static ${addprefix ${OBJECT_DIR}, ${OBJECTS}} -o ${OUTPUT_DIR}${SOFTWARE_VERSION}.elf
这是删除了除前面显示的启动程序集之外的几乎所有代码、一个空的 main 函数和一个空的 SystemInit 函数（在启动程序集文件的第 40 行调用）之后的映射文件。我在删除所有其他代码时所做的事情似乎已经解决了我的问题，但我仍然没有弄清楚为什么。
0x20008000 _estack = (ORIGIN (RAM) + LENGTH (RAM))
0x00000200 _Min_Heap_Size = 0x200
0x00000400 _Min_Stack_Size = 0x400
0x000002ac _code_size = (((SIZEOF (.isr_vector) + SIZEOF (.text)) + SIZEOF (.rodata)) + SIZEOF (.ARM))
0x000001d8 vector_size = SIZEOF (.isr_vector)
.isr_vector 0x08000000 0x1d8
*(.isr_vector)
.isr_vector 0x08000000 0x1d8 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
0x08000000 g_pfnVectors
.text 0x080001d8 0xd4
*(.text)
*(.text*)
.text.__libc_init_array
0x080001d8 0x48 C:\...d\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
0x080001d8 __libc_init_array
.text.main 0x08000220 0x10 build/obj/main.o
0x08000220 main
.text.SystemInit
0x08000230 0xe build/obj/main.o
0x08000230 SystemInit
*fill* 0x0800023e 0x2 ee
.text.Reset_Handler
0x08000240 0x50 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
0x08000240 Reset_Handler
.text.Default_Handler
0x08000290 0x2 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
0x08000290 RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DebugMon_Handler
0x08000290 TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 HardFault_Handler
0x08000290 USB_HP_IRQHandler
0x08000290 CORDIC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 SysTick_Handler
0x08000290 PendSV_Handler
0x08000290 NMI_Handler
0x08000290 EXTI3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI0_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
0x08000290 FPU_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM1_UP_TIM16_IRQHandler
0x08000290 UsageFault_Handler
0x08000290 ADC1_2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 SPI1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 USART3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
0x08000290 UART4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 RCC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 Default_Handler
0x08000290 RTC_TAMP_LSECSS_IRQHandler
0x08000290 FMAC_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM7_IRQHandler
0x08000290 UCPD1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
0x08000290 RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
0x08000290 PVD_PVM_IRQHandler
0x08000290 SPI2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 MemManage_Handler
0x08000290 can_isr
0x08000290 SVC_Handler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
0x08000290 CRS_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
0x08000290 USB_LP_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 RNG_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 WWDG_IRQHandler
0x08000290 LPUART1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel6_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 COMP1_2_3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 EXTI1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 USART2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
0x08000290 FLASH_IRQHandler
0x08000290 BusFault_Handler
0x08000290 USART1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 SPI3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
0x08000290 LPTIM1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMAMUX_OVR_IRQHandler
0x08000290 USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
0x08000290 SAI1_IRQHandler
0x08000290 DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
0x08000290 COMP4_IRQHandler
0x08000290 TIM1_BRK_TIM15_IRQHandler
*(.init)
*fill* 0x08000292 0x2 ee
.init 0x08000294 0x4 C:/.../crti.o
0x08000294 _init
.init 0x08000298 0x8 C:/.../crtn.o
*(.fini)
.fini 0x080002a0 0x4 C:/.../crti.o
0x080002a0 _fini
.fini 0x080002a4 0x8 C:/.../crtn.o
0x080002ac . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x080002ac _etext = .
.glue_7 0x080002ac 0x0
.glue_7 0x080002ac 0x0 linker stubs
.glue_7t 0x080002ac 0x0
.glue_7t 0x080002ac 0x0 linker stubs
.vfp11_veneer 0x080002ac 0x0
.vfp11_veneer 0x080002ac 0x0 linker stubs
.v4_bx 0x080002ac 0x0
.v4_bx 0x080002ac 0x0 linker stubs
.iplt 0x080002ac 0x0
.iplt 0x080002ac 0x0 C:/...\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
.rel.dyn 0x080002ac 0x0
.rel.iplt 0x080002ac 0x0 C:/...\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
.rodata
*(.rodata)
*(.rodata*)
.ARM 0x080002ac 0x0
0x080002ac __exidx_start = .
*(.ARM.exidx*)
0x080002ac __exidx_end = .
0x080002ac _sidata = LOADADDR (.data)
.data 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x080002ac
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x20000000 _sdata = .
*(.data)
*(.data*)
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x20000000 _edata = .
.igot.plt 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x080002ac
.igot.plt 0x20000000 0x0 C:/...\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
.bss 0x20000000 0x0 load address 0x080002ac
0x20000000 _sbss = .
0x20000000 __bss_start__ = _sbss
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x20000000 _ebss = .
0x20000000 __bss_end__ = _ebss
._user_heap_stack
0x20000000 0x600 load address 0x080002ac
0x20000000 . = ALIGN (0x8)
[!provide] PROVIDE (end = .)
[!provide] PROVIDE (_end = .)
0x20000200 . = (. + _Min_Heap_Size)
*fill* 0x20000000 0x200
0x20000600 . = (. + _Min_Stack_Size)
*fill* 0x20000200 0x400
0x20000600 . = ALIGN (0x8)
/DISCARD/
libc.a(*)
libm.a(*)
libgcc.a(*)
.ARM.attributes
0x00000000 0x30
*(.ARM.attributes)
.ARM.attributes
0x00000000 0x22 C:/.../crti.o
.ARM.attributes
0x00000022 0x34 C:/...\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
.ARM.attributes
0x00000056 0x34 build/obj/main.o
.ARM.attributes
0x0000008a 0x21 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.ARM.attributes
0x000000ab 0x22 C:/.../crtn.o
OUTPUT(build/VERSION0/VERSION0.elf elf32-littlearm)
LOAD linker stubs
LOAD C:/...\libc.a
LOAD C:/...\libm.a
LOAD C:/...\libgcc.a
.debug_frame 0x00000000 0x7c
.debug_frame 0x00000000 0x2c C:/...\libc_nano.a(libc_a-init.o)
.debug_frame 0x0000002c 0x50 build/obj/main.o
.debug_info 0x00000000 0x8a
.debug_info 0x00000000 0x5a build/obj/main.o
.debug_info 0x0000005a 0x30 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.debug_abbrev 0x00000000 0x79
.debug_abbrev 0x00000000 0x55 build/obj/main.o
.debug_abbrev 0x00000055 0x24 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.debug_aranges 0x00000000 0x50
.debug_aranges
0x00000000 0x28 build/obj/main.o
.debug_aranges
0x00000028 0x28 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.debug_rnglists
0x00000000 0x32
.debug_rnglists
0x00000000 0x19 build/obj/main.o
.debug_rnglists
0x00000019 0x19 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.debug_macro 0x00000000 0xac9
.debug_macro 0x00000000 0x1b build/obj/main.o
.debug_macro 0x0000001b 0xaae build/obj/main.o
.debug_line 0x00000000 0xce
.debug_line 0x00000000 0x53 build/obj/main.o
.debug_line 0x00000053 0x7b build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
.debug_str 0x00000000 0x2e0b
.debug_str 0x00000000 0x2dcf build/obj/main.o
.debug_str 0x00002dcf 0x3c build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
0x7c (size before relaxing)
.comment 0x00000000 0x43
.comment 0x00000000 0x43 build/obj/main.o
0x44 (size before relaxing)
.debug_line_str
0x00000000 0x60
.debug_line_str
0x00000000 0x60 build/obj/startup_stm32g431kbtx.o
这个空间是什么，为什么在那里，我如何优雅地摆脱它，这样做会产生后果吗？
.text : ALIGN(4)这会将部分设置为新地址 ALIGN(4)。 其间没有定义数据。 当输出到二进制文件时，未定义空间的填充默认为 0x00。 如果您创建了“ihex”或其他输出格式，它只会跳过空格。