我几乎直接从 aiosmtpd 文档获取以下服务器:
import asyncio
import ssl
from aiosmtpd.controller import Controller
class ExampleHandler:
async def handle_RCPT(self, server, session, envelope, address, rcpt_options):
if not address.endswith('@example.com'):
return '550 not relaying to that domain'
envelope.rcpt_tos.append(address)
return '250 OK'
async def handle_DATA(self, server, session, envelope):
print(f'Message from {envelope.mail_from}')
print(f'Message for {envelope.rcpt_tos}')
print(f'Message data:\n{envelope.content.decode("utf8", errors="replace")}')
print('End of message')
return '250 Message accepted for delivery'
context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
controller = Controller(ExampleHandler(), port=8026, ssl_context=context)
controller.start()
input('Press enter to stop')
controller.stop()
但是,当我启动此服务器并尝试使用 swaks 向其发送电子邮件时:
echo 'Testing' | swaks --to [email protected] --from "[email protected]" --server localhost --port 8026 -tls
30秒后超时。如果我从服务器中删除
ssl_context=context
并从客户端中删除 -tls
,那么它会正常发送邮件。
此外,当我尝试通过 telnet 连接并发送
EHLO whatever
时,服务器实际上会关闭连接。
实现支持tls的aiosmtpd服务器的正确方法是什么?
基于 Wayne 自己的答案,以下是如何使用 aiosmtpd 创建 STARTTLS 服务器。
为了进行测试,请使用以下命令为
localhost
生成自签名证书:
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes -subj '/CN=localhost'
使用
ssl
模块将其加载到 Python 中:
import ssl
context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
context.load_cert_chain('cert.pem', 'key.pem')
创建 aiosmtpd 控制器的子类,将此上下文作为
tls_context
传递到 SMTP
:
from aiosmtpd.smtp import SMTP
from aiosmtpd.controller import Controller
class ControllerTls(Controller):
def factory(self):
return SMTP(self.handler, require_starttls=True, tls_context=context)
使用处理程序实例化该控制器并启动它。这里,我使用 aiosmtpd 自己的
Debugging
处理程序:
from aiosmtpd.handlers import Debugging
controller = ControllerTls(Debugging(), port=1025)
controller.start()
input('Press enter to stop')
controller.stop()
配置本地邮件客户端发送至
localhost:1025
,或使用 swaks
:
swaks -tls -t test --server localhost:1025
...或在发出初始
openssl s_client
命令后使用 STARTTLS
与服务器对话:
openssl s_client -crlf -CAfile cert.pem -connect localhost:1025 -starttls smtp
下面的代码还使用 swaks 测试服务器,并且还展示了如何创建 TLS-on-connect 服务器(如 Wayne 的回答)。
import os
import ssl
import subprocess
from aiosmtpd.smtp import SMTP
from aiosmtpd.controller import Controller
from aiosmtpd.handlers import Debugging
# Create cert and key if they don't exist
if not os.path.exists('cert.pem') and not os.path.exists('key.pem'):
subprocess.call('openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem ' +
'-days 365 -nodes -subj "/CN=localhost"', shell=True)
# Load SSL context
context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
context.load_cert_chain('cert.pem', 'key.pem')
# Pass SSL context to aiosmtpd
class ControllerStarttls(Controller):
def factory(self):
return SMTP(self.handler, require_starttls=True, tls_context=context)
# Start server
controller = ControllerStarttls(Debugging(), port=1025)
controller.start()
# Test using swaks (if available)
subprocess.call('swaks -tls -t test --server localhost:1025', shell=True)
input('Running STARTTLS server. Press enter to stop.\n')
controller.stop()
# Alternatively: Use TLS-on-connect
controller = Controller(Debugging(), port=1025, ssl_context=context)
controller.start()
# Test using swaks (if available)
subprocess.call('swaks -tlsc -t test --server localhost:1025', shell=True)
input('Running TLSC server. Press enter to stop.\n')
controller.stop()
我很接近。我认为我可以通过 telnet 连接,但是
EHLO hostname
会断开连接,表明服务器正在尝试提前要求 TLS 连接。
当我检查
swaks --help
时,我发现有一个稍微不同的选项可能会达到我想要的效果:
--tlsc, --tls-on-connect
Initiate a TLS connection immediately on connection. Following common convention,
if this option is specified the default port changes from 25 to 465, though this can
still be overridden with the --port option.
当我尝试时,我仍然收到错误:
$ echo 'Testing' | swaks --to [email protected] --from "[email protected]" --server localhost --port 8026 -tlsc
=== Trying localhost:8026...
=== Connected to localhost.
*** TLS startup failed (connect(): error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0))
load_cert_chain
方法。事实证明这正是我所需要的。按照这些说明我生成了一个完全不安全的自签名证书:
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes -subj '/CN=localhost'
然后我添加了这一行:
context.load_cert_chain('cert.pem', 'key.pem')
现在我可以发送电子邮件了。对于 lazy 好奇的人,这里是整个服务器代码:
import asyncio
import ssl
from aiosmtpd.controller import Controller
class ExampleHandler:
async def handle_RCPT(self, server, session, envelope, address, rcpt_options):
if not address.endswith('@example.com'):
return '550 not relaying to that domain'
envelope.rcpt_tos.append(address)
return '250 OK'
async def handle_DATA(self, server, session, envelope):
print(f'Message from {envelope.mail_from}')
print(f'Message for {envelope.rcpt_tos}')
print(f'Message data:\n{envelope.content.decode("utf8", errors="replace")}')
print('End of message')
return '250 Message accepted for delivery'
context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
context.load_cert_chain('cert.pem', 'key.pem')
controller = Controller(ExampleHandler(), port=8026, ssl_context=context)
controller.start()
input('Press enter to stop')
controller.stop()
可以通过以下方式验证:
echo 'Testing' | swaks --to [email protected] --from "[email protected]" --server localhost --port 8026 -tlsc
如果 Mathias 的答案不适合您,请尝试以下操作:
import asyncio
import ssl
from aiosmtpd.controller import Controller
from aiosmtpd.handlers import Debugging
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
ssl_context.load_cert_chain('keys/fullchain.pem', 'keys/privkey.pem')
PORT = 8025
controller = Controller(
Debugging(),
hostname='0.0.0.0',
port=PORT,
server_kwargs={
'tls_context': ssl_context,
'require_starttls': False # if True, starttls will be a requirment
}
)
controller.start()
try:
input(f"SMTP server is running on port {PORT}. Press Enter to stop...")
finally:
controller.stop()