从 json 模式中提取所有验证

Question

我有以下 json 模式，我想用它来验证数据。使用

jsonschema

验证基本信息和条件场景时效果很好。 但我有一个具体的问题，我无法根据 allOf 条件轻松评估数据是否存在但不应该存在。可以在 python 中为简单的条件编写一些自定义的东西，但如果条件更复杂，扩展可能会很棘手。有谁有任何提示或知道任何可以提供帮助的工具。非常感谢 示例架构

{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/schema",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "colours": {
      "type": "integer",
      "oneOf": [
        {"const": 1},
        {"const": 2},
        {"const": 3},
        {"const": 19}
      ]
    },
    "years": {
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 1,
      "maximum": 10
    },
    "sleep": {
      "type": "integer",
      "oneOf": [
        {"const": 1},
        {"const": 2},
        {"const": 5}
      ]
    },
    "shapes": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "integer",
        "anyOf": [
          {"const": 2},
          {"const": 3}
        ]
      }
    },
    "gender": {
      "type": "integer",
      "oneOf": [
        {"const": 1},
        {"const": 2}
      ]
    }
  },
  "required": ["colours", "years"],
  "allOf": [
    {
      "if": {
        "allOf": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "colours": {"const": 1}
            }
          },
          {
            "properties": {
              "years": {
                "enum": [7,8,9]
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "then": {
        "required": ["shapes"]
      }
    },
    {
      "if": {
        "allOf": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "shapes": {
                "anyOf": [
                  {"const": 1},
                  {"const": 3}
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "properties": {
              "colours": {"const": 19}
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "then": {
        "required": ["gender"]
      }
    },
    {
      "if": {
        "properties": {
          "years": {
            "not": {"const": 1}
          }
        }
      },
      "then": {
        "required": ["sleep"]
      }
    }
  ]
}

示例数据

data_list = [
    {"id": "a", "colours": 1, "years": 9, "sleep": 4, "shapes": [1], "gender": 3}, # valid logic but invalid value for sleep
    {"id": "b", "colours": 1, "years": 6, "shapes": 3, "gender": 3}, # invalid as sleep should not be present, nor should gender since the entry to shape is incorrect, shapes also not array
    {"id": "c", "colours": 1, "years": 9, "sleep": 3}, # invalid as shapes should be present
    {"id": "d", "colours": 1, "years": 1, "sleep": 5}, # invalid as sleep is present but shouldnt be
]

示例代码

from jsonschema import validate, Draft7Validator, ValidationError

for data in data_list:
    validator = Draft7Validator(schema)
    errors = sorted(validator.iter_errors(data), key=lambda e: e.path)
    if errors:
        print(data.get("id"))
        for error in errors:
            print(f"Schema Error in {list(error.path)}: {error.message}")
            
# not indicating that sleep is not required for id d 

您在 

oneOf

Answer 1

anyOf

中使用了很多不必要的语法，并且您的条件

if, then

和

allOf

组合可以简化很多。其次，如果要枚举多个条件，最好使用

enum

而不是

oneOf>const

或

anyOf>const

提供的示例具有比您在评论中描述的更多的失败属性。您的一些条件逻辑是冲突的，因此该架构是不合逻辑的。如果你提供所有条件，我可以帮你解决。以简化的

if, then

结构为例。如果您需要有关条件语句的进一步帮助，请告诉我。

{
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/schema",
    "type": "array",
    "minItems": 1,
    "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "colours": {
                "enum": [
                    1,
                    2,
                    3,
                    19
                ]
            },
            "years": {
                "type": "integer",
                "minimum": 1,
                "maximum": 10
            },
            "sleep": {
                "enum": [
                    1,
                    2,
                    5
                ]
            },
            "shapes": {
                "type": "array",
                "items": {
                    "enum": [
                        2,
                        3
                    ]
                }
            },
            "gender": {
                "enum": [
                    1,
                    2
                ]
            }
        },
        "required": [
            "colours",
            "years"
        ],
        "allOf": [
            {
                "if": {
                    "required": [
                        "colours",
                        "years"
                    ],
                    "properties": {
                        "colours": {
                            "const": 1
                        },
                        "years": {
                            "enum": [
                                7,
                                8,
                                9
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                },
                "then": {
                    "required": [
                        "shapes"
                    ],
                    "not": {
                        "required": [
                            "sleep"
                        ]
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "if": {
                    "required": [
                        "shapes",
                        "colours"
                    ],
                    "properties": {
                        "colours": {
                            "const": 19
                        },
                        "shapes": {
                            "type": "array",
                            "items": {
                                "enum": [
                                    1,
                                    3
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                "then": {
                    "required": [
                        "gender"
                    ]
                },
                "else": {
                    "not": {
                        "required": [
                            "gender"
                        ]
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "if": {
                    "required": [
                        "years"
                    ],
                    "properties": {
                        "years": {
                            "not": {
                                "const": 1
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                "then": {
                    "required": [
                        "sleep"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}