g++ 可以工作，但 g++-14 在 macOS 上会产生很多错误

Question

我想运行通过

brew install gcc

安装的g++-14，这样我就可以使用最新版本的C++，但安装后我在尝试编译代码时遇到很多错误。

所有错误都太长，无法复制到这里，但最后几个是

/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/malloc/_malloc_type.h:66:1: error: '__API_UNAVAILABLE3' does not name a type
   66 | _MALLOC_TYPE_AVAILABILITY void *malloc_type_zone_memalign(malloc_zone_t *zone, size_t alignment, size_t size, malloc_type_id_t type_id) __result_use_check __alloc_size(3);
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/stdlib.h:182:1: error: expected unqualified-id before numeric constant
  182 | __API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.0)) __IOS_PROHIBITED
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/stdlib.h:220:56: error: expected initializer before '__API_AVAILABLE2'
  220 | int ptsname_r(int fildes, char *buffer, size_t buflen) __API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.13.4), ios(11.3), tvos(11.3), watchos(4.3));
      |                                                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/stdlib.h:351:9: error: expected initializer before '__API_AVAILABLE2'
  351 |         __API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.15), ios(13.0), tvos(13.0), watchos(6.0));
      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/stdlib.h:359:9: error: expected initializer before '__API_AVAILABLE2'
  359 |         __API_AVAILABLE(macos(11.0), ios(14.0), tvos(14.0), watchos(7.0));
      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.1.0/include/c++/14/cstdlib:173:11: error: 'system' has not been declared in '::'
  173 |   using ::system;
      |           ^~~~~~

有人问前几个错误是什么。我认为它们在终端中被切断（我无法一直滚动到我编写的

g++-14

命令），但仍然显示的前几个是

/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.1.0/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin23/14/include-fixed/AvailabilityInternal.h:254:13: note: macro "__API_AVAILABLE0" defined here
  254 |     #define __API_AVAILABLE0(arg0) __API_A(arg0)
      |             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/pthread.h:358:38: error: macro "__API_AVAILABLE0" passed 2 arguments, but takes just 1
  358 | __API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.4), ios(2.0))
      |                                      ^
/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/14.1.0/lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin23/14/include-fixed/AvailabilityInternal.h:254:13: note: macro "__API_AVAILABLE0" defined here
  254 |     #define __API_AVAILABLE0(arg0) __API_A(arg0)
      |             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX14.sdk/usr/include/pthread.h:361:38: error: macro "__API_AVAILABLE0" passed 2 arguments, but takes just 1
  361 | __API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.4), ios(2.0))

运行

g++-14 --version

输出以下内容

g++-14 (Homebrew GCC 14.1.0) 14.1.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

编辑：

我认为这会在绝对最小程序上出错，但这似乎是一个问题

#include <iostream>

具体来说这个程序错误：

#include <iostream>

int main() {}

Answer 1

问题已解决。 Apple 对属性使用非标准位置，GCC 不支持。不过，现在可以使用 GCC 14.2 的改编版本，仅解决 macOS 的兼容性问题。 Homebrew 上也提供了更新的软件包。

有关更多详细信息，请参阅此已关闭的 GitHub 问题： https://github.com/iains/gcc-14-branch/issues/12