如何纠正TypeError：在使用Python中的ReportLab进行哈希处理之前，必须先对Unicode对象进行编码

Question

最近，我一直在工作ReportLab。目前，我想使用ReportLab生成PDF中可点击的目录。

[当我尝试查看它如何工作时，我不断收到此错误：TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing

[当我尝试使用ReportLab库在Python 3.7.4上执行此代码时：

class MyDocTemplate(BaseDocTemplate):
    def __init__(self, filename, **kw):
        self.allowSplitting = 0
        apply(BaseDocTemplate.__init__, (self, filename), kw)
        template = PageTemplate('normal', [Frame(2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 15*cm, 25*cm, id='F1')])
        self.addPageTemplates(template)


    def afterFlowable(self, flowable):
        "Registers TOC entries."
        if flowable.__class__.__name__ == 'Paragraph':
            text = flowable.getPlainText()
            style = flowable.style.name
            if style == 'Heading1':
                level = 0
            elif style == 'Heading2':
                level = 1
            else:
                return
            E = [level, text, self.page]
            #if we have a bookmark name append that to our notify data
            bn = getattr(flowable,'_bookmarkName',None)
            if bn is not None: E.append(bn)
            self.notify('TOCEntry', tuple(E))

centered = PS(name = 'centered',
    fontSize = 30,
    leading = 16,
    alignment = 1,
    spaceAfter = 20)

h1 = PS(
    name = 'Heading1',
    fontSize = 14,
    leading = 16)


h2 = PS(name = 'Heading2',
    fontSize = 12,
    leading = 14)


# Build story.
story = []

toc = TableOfContents()
toc.levelStyles = [
    PS(fontName='Times-Bold', fontSize=20, name='TOCHeading1', leftIndent=20, firstLineIndent=-20, spaceBefore=10, leading=16),
    PS(fontSize=18, name='TOCHeading2', leftIndent=40, firstLineIndent=-20, spaceBefore=5, leading=12),
]
story.append(toc)

def doHeading(text,sty):
    from hashlib import sha1
    #create bookmarkname
    bn=sha1(text+sty.name).hexdigest()
    #modify paragraph text to include an anchor point with name bn
    h=Paragraph(text+'<a name="%s"/>' % bn,sty)
    #store the bookmark name on the flowable so afterFlowable can see this
    h._bookmarkName=bn
    story.append(h)

story.append(Paragraph('<b>Table of contents</b>', centered))
story.append(PageBreak())
doHeading('First heading', h1)
story.append(Paragraph('Text in first heading', PS('body')))
doHeading('First sub heading', h2)
story.append(Paragraph('Text in first sub heading', PS('body')))
story.append(PageBreak())
doHeading('Second sub heading', h2)
story.append(Paragraph('Text in second sub heading', PS('body')))
story.append(PageBreak())
doHeading('Last heading', h1)
story.append(Paragraph('Text in last heading', PS('body')))
doc = MyDocTemplate('mintoc.pdf')
doc.multiBuild(story)

我试图解决此问题，但无法正确解决。感谢您对此的帮助。

Answer 1

您应该传递字节，而不是字符串，所以问题在这里：

bn=sha1(text+sty.name).hexdigest()

您可以做的就是这样更改它：

bn=sha1((text+sty.name).encode("utf8")).hexdigest()