安装时出现 PyAudio 错误（子进程退出并出现错误）

Question

Building wheel for pyaudio (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

安装时显示此错误，我已经更新了 pip 和 Python 版本，但仍然遇到相同的错误。 完整错误：

(stt) F:\Python>pip install pyaudio
Collecting pyaudio
  Using cached PyAudio-0.2.11.tar.gz (37 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pyaudio
  Building wheel for pyaudio (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [53 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      running build_ext
      building '_portaudio' extension
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
        File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
        File "C:\Users\Jug\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-7dl19imj\pyaudio_618223816ae04aecb9311a803aa75afe\setup.py", line 106, in <module>
          setup(name='PyAudio',
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 155, in setup
          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
          return run_commands(dist)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 163, in run_commands
          dist.run_commands()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 967, in run_commands
          self.run_command(cmd)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 986, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 299, in run
          self.run_command('build')
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 986, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
          self.run_command(cmd_name)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 986, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 79, in run
          _build_ext.run(self)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 339, in run
          self.build_extensions()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 448, in build_extensions
          self._build_extensions_serial()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 473, in _build_extensions_serial
          self.build_extension(ext)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 202, in build_extension
          _build_ext.build_extension(self, ext)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 528, in build_extension
          objects = self.compiler.compile(sources,
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 327, in compile
          self.initialize()
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 224, in initialize
          vc_env = _get_vc_env(plat_spec)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 316, in msvc14_get_vc_env
          return _msvc14_get_vc_env(plat_spec)
        File "F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\msvc.py", line 270, in _msvc14_get_vc_env
          raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(
      setuptools._distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyaudio
  Running setup.py clean for pyaudio
Failed to build pyaudio
Installing collected packages: pyaudio
  Running setup.py install for pyaudio ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for pyaudio did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [8 lines of output]
      running install
      F:\Python\stt\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_py
      running build_ext
      building '_portaudio' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> pyaudio

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

Answer 1

从 pyaudio 下的 https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ 获取适当的 .whl 文件。您可以通过在 cmd 或终端中键入 python 来找到适当的 .whl 文件。你会得到这样的东西：

Python 3.7.9 (tags/v3.7.9:13c94747c7, Aug 17 2020, 18:58:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

图片说明：

注意 python 版本以及 python 是 64 位还是 32 位。然后获取适合该版本和计算机的 .whl 文件。对我来说，这将是这个 .whl 文件：

PyAudio‑0.2.11‑cp37‑cp37m‑win_amd64.whl

接下来，转到下载的位置。例如，

C:\Users\user\Downloads>

，然后使用 pip 安装 .whl 文件。以我为例：

pip install PyAudio-0.2.11-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

或者如果上述方法不起作用，请尝试：

由于 pyAudio 有 portAudio 作为依赖项，因此您首先必须安装 portaudio。

brew install portaudio

然后尝试：

pip3 install pyAudio

。如果安装 portAudio 后问题仍然存在，您可以指定编译器能够找到源程序的目录路径（例如：portaudio.h）。由于标头应该位于 /usr/local/include 目录中：

pip install --global-option='build_ext' --global-option='-I/usr/local/include' --global-option='-L/usr/local/lib' pyaudio

Answer 2

我通过首先执行以下命令解决了这个问题：

sudo apt-get install portaudio19-dev

然后执行这个命令：

pip install PyAudio