香草 Javascript 切换下拉菜单

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

我的大脑检查了周末...

我正在寻找一种纯 Javascript 解决方案，如果在单击另一个主菜单项时打开一个下拉菜单框，则先前打开的下拉菜单将关闭，然后显示新单击的主菜单项的下拉菜单。我知道这可能很简单，但我想不出一个不复杂的解决方案。

此外，如果您在菜单项之外单击（文档中不是菜单项或下拉框的任何位置），应关闭所有打开的下拉菜单。

感谢您的帮助。

function testFunc(el) {
  var parent = el.parentElement;
  var dd = parent.lastChild.previousSibling;
  dd.classList.toggle('show');
}
ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
ul li {
  width: 100px;
  float: left;
  background: #dbdbdb;
  line-height: 2em;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
ul li span {
  display: block;
}
ul li ul {
  display: none;
}

.show {
  display: block;
}
<ul>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 1</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 2</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 3</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 4</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

javascript navigation toggle
2个回答
6
投票

切换菜单可见性

您可以将最后打开的菜单保存在函数外的变量

opened
中。然后，如果
opened
不是
null
，则单击菜单时，它将切换
opened
（即隐藏上次打开的菜单）并切换单击的项目。

let opened = null

function testFunc(el) {

  // gets the <ul> element of the clicked menu item
  const menu = el.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling;

  if (!opened) {

    // no menu item is shown
    opened = menu
    opened.classList.toggle('show');

  } else if (menu == opened) {

    // the clicked item is already showing
    menu.classList.toggle('show')
    opened = null

  } else {

    // the clicked item is hiddden but another one is showing
    opened.classList.toggle('show')
    opened = menu
    opened.classList.toggle('show')

  }

}

代码如下：

let opened = null

function testFunc(el) {

  const menu =  el.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling;
  
  if(!opened) {
    opened = menu
    opened.classList.toggle('show');
  } else if(menu == opened) {
    menu.classList.toggle('show')
    opened = null
  } else {
    opened.classList.toggle('show')
    opened = menu
    opened.classList.toggle('show')
  }
  
}
ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

ul li {
  width: 100px;
  float: left;
  background: #dbdbdb;
  line-height: 2em;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

ul li span {
  display: block;
}

ul li ul {
  display: none;
}

.show {
  display: block;
}
<ul>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 1</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 2</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 3</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span onclick="testFunc(this)">Item 4</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

具有 ES6 语法的变体

这里是一些 ES6 语法的变体，注意我已经更改了 HTML 命名结构以更好地维护代码，允许按类名调用元素

  • 不必使用内联事件监听器

  • 在一行中调用所有菜单项

这是 JavaScript 代码：

let opened = null
const toggleVisibility = e => e.classList.toggle('show')

const toggleDropDown = e => {

  const clickedItem = e.target.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling

  toggleVisibility(clickedItem);

  if (!opened) {
    opened = clickedItem
  } else if (opened == clickedItem) {
    opened = null
  } else {
    toggleVisibility(opened);
    opened = clickedItem
  }

}

[...document.querySelectorAll('.dropDown')].forEach(dropDown => dropDown.addEventListener('click', toggleDropDown))


let opened = null
const toggleVisibility = e => e.classList.toggle('show')

const toggleDropDown = e => {

  const clickedItem = e.target.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling

  toggleVisibility(clickedItem);

  if (!opened) {
    opened = clickedItem
  } else if (opened == clickedItem) {
    opened = null
  } else {
    toggleVisibility(opened);
    opened = clickedItem
  }

}

[...document.querySelectorAll('.dropDown')].forEach(dropDown => dropDown.addEventListener('click', toggleDropDown))
ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

ul li {
  width: 100px;
  float: left;
  background: #dbdbdb;
  line-height: 2em;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

ul li span {
  display: block;
}

ul li ul {
  display: none;
}

.show {
  display: block;
}
<ul>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 1</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 2</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 3</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 4</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

切换菜单可见性+点击别处时关闭

如果你想在用户点击菜单外部时关闭任何打开的菜单，你需要在文档本身上有一个事件监听器。因此，不是每个菜单按钮都有一个事件侦听器，您将有一个单独的事件侦听器来监视文档中发生的任何点击。

事件侦听器将确定单击的项目是否为菜单按钮，在这种情况下，它将运行菜单处理程序。否则它将关闭最后打开的菜单项。

JavaScript代码：

let opened = null
const toggleVisibility = e => e.classList.toggle('show')

const handleDropdown = e => {

  const clickedItem = e.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling

  toggleVisibility(clickedItem)

  if (!opened) {
    opened = clickedItem
  } else if (opened == clickedItem) {
    opened = null
  } else {
    toggleVisibility(opened)
    opened = clickedItem
  }

}

const handleClick = e => {

  if (e.target.className.includes('dropDown')) {
    handleDropdown(e.target)
  } else if (opened) {
    toggleVisibility(opened)
    opened = null
  }

}

document.addEventListener('click', handleClick)

这里是完整的代码：

let opened = null
const toggleVisibility = e => e.classList.toggle('show')

const handleDropdown = e => {

  const clickedItem = e.parentElement.lastChild.previousSibling

  toggleVisibility(clickedItem)

  if (!opened) {
    opened = clickedItem
  } else if (opened == clickedItem) {
    opened = null
  } else {
    toggleVisibility(opened)
    opened = clickedItem
  }

}

const handleClick = e => {

  if (e.target.className.includes('dropDown')) {
    handleDropdown(e.target)
  } else if (opened) {
    toggleVisibility(opened)
    opened = null
  }

}

document.addEventListener('click', handleClick)
ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

ul li {
  width: 100px;
  float: left;
  background: #dbdbdb;
  line-height: 2em;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

ul li span {
  display: block;
}

ul li ul {
  display: none;
}

.show {
  display: block;
}
<ul>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 1</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 2</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 3</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span class="dropDown">Item 4</span>
    <ul>
      <li>Sub Item 1</li>
      <li>Sub Item 2</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

1
投票

很难与 Ivan 的答案竞争，但这将是我的解决方案：

function Dropdown() {

  // Listen to ALL (!) click events to also catch clicks OUTSIDE the dropdowns
  document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    if (e.target.closest('.dropdown')) {
      closeOthers(e.target);
      handleClick(e.target);
    } else {
      closeOthers(null);
    }
  });

  // Add or remove 'expanded' CSS class, depending on the current situation
  function handleClick(dropdown) {
    if (dropdown.classList.contains('expanded')) {
      dropdown.classList.remove('expanded');
    } else {
      dropdown.classList.add('expanded');
    }
  }

  // Close all dropdowns except the one that gets passed as the element parameter
  // Note that we may also pass null in order to close ALL dropdowns
  function closeOthers(element) {
    document.querySelectorAll('.dropdown > a').forEach(link => {
      if (element != link) {
        link.classList.remove('expanded');
      }
    });
  }

}

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', Dropdown);

<div class="dropdown">
    <a aria-label="Settings"></a>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="/account">Account</a></li>
        <li><a href="/profile">Profile</a></li>
        <li><a href="/tutorial">Tutorial</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>

对我有用。不确定它是否可以为其他人工作。反馈表示赞赏。

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