插入父表时违反约束

Question

我正在学习 PHP/MySQL 并遇到了这个。 我梳理了 Stack Overflow，但没有找到任何可以帮助我解决问题的内容。

它在 PHP 7.4.27 / MySQL 8.0.21 下运行。

我最初的问题是用截断的表格发布的，以缩短帖子的长度。 我已经用完整的表描述更新了它，并添加了我正在使用的确切查询。

我得到：

SQLSTATE[23000]：违反完整性约束：1451 无法删除或更新父行：外键约束失败（`evifs_aqqbo`.`aq_customers`，CONSTRAINT `fk_cust_proj` FOREIGN KEY (`project_id`) REFERENCES `aq_project` (` project_id`) 删除级联)

将新记录插入到

aq_project

表中时。

aq_项目表：

CREATE TABLE `aq_customers` (
  `customer_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `qb_Customer_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `customer_address_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `customer_specific_sales_tax` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `customer_specific_markup` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `export_id` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `jobref` varchar(12) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `project_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `jobref_code` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`customer_id`,`project_id`,`jobref_code`),
  KEY `indx_custs_cust_addrid` (`customer_address_id`),
  KEY `indx_li_sli` (`project_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_cust_proj` FOREIGN KEY (`project_id`) REFERENCES `aq_project` (`project_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_custs_cust_addrid` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_address_id`) REFERENCES `aq_addressrepository` (`address_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

aq_customers 表：

CREATE TABLE `aq_project` (
  `project_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `status` enum('Active','Inactive') CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `jobref` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `code` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `jobref_code` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `project_name` varchar(75) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `contract_match` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `parent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `aq_dealer_rep` int DEFAULT '0',
  `create_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `modified_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `bid_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `good_until_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `project_address_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `freight_sell_override` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `installation_sell_override` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `freight_taxable` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `installation_taxable` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `locksell` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `sales_tax_percent` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `sales_tax_override` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `marketing_category` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `read_only` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `read_only_description` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `password_protected` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `custom_filter` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `memo` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci,
  `opportunity_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `converted_prices_currency_symbol` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `converted_sell_price` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `converted_prices_currency_exchange_rate` decimal(6,3) DEFAULT NULL,
  `custom_column_3_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `custom_column_1_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `custom_column_2_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `date_db_modified` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `warehouse` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `duplicated_projects` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `install_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `isService` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0',
  `track_proj` enum('Yes','No') COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `do_not_track_proj` tinyint DEFAULT NULL,
  `qbo_customer_status` enum('true','false') CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `dealer_rep_address_id` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `project_coordinator_address_id` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `dealer_rep` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `class_id` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `customer_address_id` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `parent_name` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`project_id`,`jobref_code`),
  UNIQUE KEY `INDX_jobref_code` (`jobref_code`),
  KEY `indx_proj_jobref` (`jobref`),
  KEY `indx_proj_project_addrid` (`project_address_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

引发错误的查询是：

INSERT INTO aq_project (`code`,`create_date`,`password_protected`,`read_only_description`
 ,`read_only`,`sales_tax_percent`,`installation_taxable`,`freight_taxable`
 ,`freight_sell_override`,`project_address_id`,`good_until_date`,`bid_date`
 ,`modified_date`,`project_name`,`jobref`,`project_id`
 ,`status`,`locksell`,`custom_column_1_name`,`track_proj`
 ,`jobref_code`,`dealer_rep`,`dealer_rep_address_id`,`class_id`
,`project_coordinator_address_id`
) 
    VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?) as NEW
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE  `code` = new.`code`, `create_date` = new.`create_date`
, `password_protected` = new.`password_protected`
, `read_only_description` = new.`read_only_description`
, `read_only` = new.`read_only`
, `sales_tax_percent` = new.`sales_tax_percent`
, `installation_taxable` = new.`installation_taxable`
, `freight_taxable` = new.`freight_taxable`
, `freight_sell_override` = new.`freight_sell_override`
, `project_address_id` = new.`project_address_id`
, `good_until_date` = new.`good_until_date`
, `bid_date` = new.`bid_date`
, `modified_date` = new.`modified_date`
, `project_name` = new.`project_name`
, `jobref` = new.`jobref`
, `project_id` = new.`project_id`
, `status` = new.`status`
, `locksell` = new.`locksell`
, `custom_column_1_name` = new.`custom_column_1_name`
, `track_proj` = new.`track_proj`
, `jobref_code` = new.`jobref_code`
, `dealer_rep` = new.`dealer_rep`
, `dealer_rep_address_id` = new.`dealer_rep_address_id`
, `class_id` = new.`class_id`
, `project_coordinator_address_id` = new.`project_coordinator_address_id`
;

哪里

$values = array (
      0 => 'CONTRACT',
      1 => '2024-12-10',
      2 => 'true',
      3 => 'Not Read Only',
      4 => '0',
      5 => '7',
      6 => 'true',
      7 => 'true',
      8 => '1200',
      9 => '15e149c4-0f04-49e1-8761-d70ede7332f6',
      10 => '2025-01-09T12:27:54.6841706',
      11 => '2024-12-10T12:27:54.6841706',
      12 => '2024-12-11',
      13 => '242011 Tom\'s Sub Shop Charles Town, WV',
      14 => '242011',
      15 => '3f7265f4-57b3-40d5-b4dd-ceaad93ae4a6',
      16 => 'Active',
      17 => '',
      18 => 'Water AFF',
      19 => 'Yes',
      20 => '242011_CONTRACT',
      21 => 'Long L',
      22 => 'b159136f-e9a7-4e15-8781-7a92929ddb03',
      23 => '4100000000000368102',
      24 => 'e0c456ff-655c-4c9a-99a3-3f567ed2b16f',
    )

project_id 是数组中的第 15 个元素：'3f7265f4-57b3-40d5-b4dd-ceaad93ae4a6`

aq_customers

引用

aq_project

，所以我不明白为什么我不能在父表中插入记录而不引发此违规。

aq_customers

中的fk用于在删除

aq_customers

中的项目时，级联删除

aq_project

中的项目记录。

来自 SQLyog：

Answer 1

我将给出OP所示错误发生情况的简化模型。

当从 aq_Customers 表通过 Project_id 列的链接需要 aq_Project 表中具有此类 Project_id 的行时，两个表存在约束。
如果您尝试更新“项目”表中的一行以使来自“客户”的链接变得无效，则会出现指定的错误。

1451 无法删除或更新父行：外键约束失败

参见示例

CREATE TABLE `aq_project` (
  `project_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `status` enum('Active','Inactive','Test') CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `jobref` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `code` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `jobref_code` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `project_name` varchar(75) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`project_id`,`jobref_code`),
  UNIQUE KEY `INDX_jobref_code` (`jobref_code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

CREATE TABLE `aq_customers` (
  `customer_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `customer_address_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `project_id` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `jobref_code` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`customer_id`,`project_id`,`jobref_code`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_cust_proj` FOREIGN KEY (`project_id`) REFERENCES `aq_project` (`project_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

INSERT INTO aq_project VALUES 
('project_id1','Active','jobref1','code1','jobref code1','project name1');
SELECT * FROM aq_project;

项目_id	状态	工作参考	代码	工作参考代码	项目名称
项目_id1	活跃	工作参考1	代码1	工作参考代码1	项目名称1

INSERT INTO aq_project VALUES 
('project_id1','Active','jobref1','code1','jobref code2','project name1');

项目_id	状态	工作参考	代码	工作参考代码	项目名称
项目_id1	活跃	工作参考1	代码1	工作参考代码1	项目名称1
项目_id1	活跃	工作参考1	代码1	工作参考代码2	项目名称1

INSERT INTO aq_customers VALUES 
('customer_id1', null,'address_id1','project_id1','jobref code1')
;

本次DML操作成功。

客户 ID	parent_id	客户地址_id	项目_id	工作参考代码
客户_id1	空	地址_id1	项目_id1	工作参考代码1

下一个查询违反更新约束

project_id

= new.Project_id

INSERT INTO aq_project VALUES 
('project_id2','Active','jobref1','code1','jobref code2','project name1') as new
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE  `status` = 'Test',`project_id`= new.Project_id
;

Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`fiddle`.`aq_customers`, CONSTRAINT `fk_cust_proj` FOREIGN KEY (`project_id`) REFERENCES `aq_project` (`project_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE)

小提琴